UC-NRLF 


*C   37   ES3 


STATUE 


HON.  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS 


>  IN  STATUARY  HALL 
CAPITOL    BUILDING 


PROCEEDINGS  IN  THE  SENATE  AND  HOUSE 
REPRESENTATIVES  ON  THE  OCCASION 
VHE  RECEPTION  AND  ACCEPTANCE  OF 

THE  STATUE  FROM  IHE  STATE  OF  KANSAS 


Statue 

o/ 

Hon.  John  James  Ingalls 

Erected  in  .Statuary  Hall  of  the 
Capitol  Building  at  Washington 


Proceedings  in  the  Senate  and  House 
of  Representatives  on  the  Occasion  of 
the  Reception  and  Acceptance  of  the 
Statue  from  the  State  of  Kansas  :  :  : 


Compiled  under  the  direction  of 
The  Joint  Committee  on  Printing 


Washington 

Government  Printing  Office 
1905 


Vi^vo 

\ 


Resolved  by  the  Senate  (the  House  of  Representatives  concurring}, 
That  there  be  printed  and  bound  in  one  volume  the  proceedings  in 
Congress  upon  the  acceptance  of  the  statue  of  the  late  JOHN  JAMES 
INGA  1,1,8  sixteen  thousand  five  hundred  copies,  of  which  five  thousand 
shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  Senate,  ten  thousand  for  the  use  of  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  the  remaining  one  thousand  five  hundred 
shall  be  for  use  and  distribution  by  the  governor  of  Kansas;  and  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is  hereby  directed  to  have  printed  an  engraving 
of  said  statue  to  accompany  said  proceedings,  said  engraving  to  be  paid 
for  out  of  the  appropriation  for  the  Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing. 

Passed  the  Senate  January  27,    1905. 
.'    •P'a.sSed  the  House  of  Representatives  February  9,   1905. 


TABLE  OF  CONTEXTS. 


Page. 

Resolution  providing  for  printing 5 

Proceedings  in  the  Senate 5 

Address  of  Mr.  Long,  of  Kansas 7 

Address  of  Mr.  Allison,  of  Iowa 14 

Address  of  Mr.  Cockrell,  of  Missouri 23 

Address  of  Mr.  Platt,  of  Connecticut 2,S 

Address  of  Mr.  Gorman,  of  Maryland 34 

Address  of  Mr.  Spooner,  of  Wisconsin 36 

Address  of  Mr.  Daniel,  of  Virginia , 41 

Proceedings  in  the  House  of  Representatives 51 

Address  of  Mr.  Curtis,  of  Kansas 53 

Address  of  Mr.  Clark,  of  Missouri 62 

Address  of  Mr.  Gibson,  of  Tennessee 69 

Address  of  Mr.  Bowersock,  of  Kansas 75 

Address  of  Mr.  Wiley,  of  Alabama 78 

Address  of  Mr.  Hamilton,  of  Michigan 87 

Address  of  Mr.  Scott,  of  Kansas 93 

Address  of  Mr.  Campbell,  of  Kansas 102 

Address  of  Mr.  Miller,  of  Kansas 105 

Address  of  Mr.  Calderhead,  of  Kansas 1 16 

Address  of  Mr.  Murdock,  of  Kansas 124 


ACCEPTANCE 

OF 

STATUE  OF  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS 

& 

Proceedings  in  the  Senate 
& 

DECEMBER   13,  1904. 

Mr.  Long  submitted  the  following  resolution ;  which 
was  considered  by  unanimous  consent,  and  agreed  to : 

Resolved,  That  exercises  appropriate  to  the  reception  and  acceptance 
from  the  State  of  Kansas  of  the  statue  of  JOHN  JAMKS  Ixr.ALi.s,  erected 
in  Statuary  Hall  in  the  Capitol,  be  made  the  special  order  for  Saturday, 
January  21,  1905,  after  the  conclusion  of  the  routine  morning  business. 

JANUARY  21,  1905. 

The  PRESIDENT  pro  tempore.  By  a  resolution  of  the 
Senate  exercises  appropriate  to  the  reception  and  accept 
ance  of  the  statue  of  JOHN  J.  INGAU.S  were  assigned  to 
take  place  immediately  after  the  completion  of  the  routine 
business  to-day.  The  routine  business  is  completed. 

Mr.  LONG.  Mr.  President,  I  request  that  the  following 
letter  from  the  governor  of  Kansas  may  be  read. 

The  PRESIDENT  pro  tempore.  The  Senator  from  Kan 
sas  asks  that  a  letter  from  the  governor  of  Kansas  may  be 
read.  The  Chair  hears  no  objection,  and  it  will  be  read. 

5 


6  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

The  Secretary  read  as  follows : 

STATE  OF  KANSAS,  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT, 

Topek a,  January  77,  7905. 
To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  Washington,  D.  C.: 

Among  the  many  distinguished  men  whose  fame  has  honored  the  State 
of  Kansas,  the  life  of  no  one  has  added  greater  luster  to  its  history  than 
the  life  of  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS.  His  name  is  indelibly  inscribed  upon 
the  most  brilliant  pages  of  the  State's  history.  Grateful  for  his  eminent 
services  and  proud  of  his  great  achievements,  the  State  legislature  two  years 
ago  made  an  appropriation  for  the  purchase  of  a  suitable  statue  as  a  tribute 
to  his  memory,  to  be  reared  in  Statuary  Hall,  where  Congress  conferred 
upon  his  people  the  rare  honor  of  providing  a  place  for  it.  This  beautiful 
and  precious  piece  of  statuary  is  now  read}"  for  formal  acceptance  by  the 
Government,  and  in  behalf  of  the  legislature  of  Kansas  and  of  the  people 
they  and  I  represent,  I  have  the  great  honor  and  pleasure  of  presenting  it 
to  the  people  of  the  United  States  and  their  representatives  in  Congress 
assembled. 

[SEAL.]  K.  \V.  HOCH,  Governor. 

Mr.  LONG.   Mr.   President,  I   submit  the  following  con 
current  resolution. 

The  PRESIDENT  pro  tempore.  The  Senator  from  Kansas 
offers  a  concurrent  resolution,  which  will  be  read. 

The  Secretary  read  the  concurrent  resolution,  as  follows : 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  (tlie  House  of  Representatives  concurring},  That 
the  statue  of  JOHN  J.  IXGAI.LS,  presented  by  the  State  of  Kansas  to  be 
placed  in  Statuary  Hall,  is  accepted  in  the  name  of  the  United  States,  and 
that  the  thanks  of  Congress  be  tendered  the  State  for  the  contribution  of 
the  statue  of  one  of  its  most  eminent  citizens,  illustrious  for  his  distin 
guished  civic  services. 

Second.  That  a  copy  of  these  resolutions,  suitably  engrossed  and  duly 
authenticated,  be  transmitted  to  the  governor  of  the  State  of  Kansas. 


Jo/in  James  Ingalls. 


Address  of  Mr.  Long,  of  Kansas 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  Twenty-seven  years  ago,  in  an  address 
delivered  at  the  dedication  of  a  monument  to  John  Brown, 
JOHN  J.  INGALLS  said: 

The  old  Hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  Capitol  at  Wash 
ington,  which  is  consecrated  by  the  genius,  the  wisdom,  and  the  patriot 
ism  of  the  statesmen  of  the  first  century  of  American  history,  has  been 
designated  by  Congress  as  a  national  gallery  of  statuary,  to  which  each 
State  is  invited  to  contribute  two  bronze  or  marble  statues  of  her  citi/ens 
illustrious  for  their  historic  renown  or  for  distinguished  civic  and  military 
services.  It  will  be  long  before  this  silent  congregation  is  complete. 
With  tardy  footsteps  they  slowly  ascend  their  pedestals;  voiceless  orators, 
whose  stony  eloquence  will  salute  and  inspire  the  generations  of  freemen 
to  come;  bronze  warriors,  whose  unsheathed  swords  seem  yet  to  direct 
the  onset,  and  whose  command  will  pass  from  century  to  century,  inspir 
ing  an  unbroken  line  of  heroes  to  guard  with  ceaseless  care  the  heritage 
their  valor  won. 

He  then  urged  the  people  of  Kansas  to  place  the  statue 
of  John  Brown  in  Statuary  Hall.  This  suggestion  was 
never  adopted,  but  instead  the  State  has  just  made  its  first 
contribution  to  the  Hall  in  the  statue  of  JOHN  J.  INGAU.S. 

One  week  from  to-morrow  Kansas  will  have  been  a  State 
forty-four  years.  During  that  time,  and  in  the  stormy 
period  preceding  its  admission,  many  illustrious  and  patri 
otic  citizens  did  service  for  the  State  and  the  nation.  Main- 
deserve  this  recognition,  which  only  a  State  can  give,  but 
it  is  a  significant  fact  that  while  the  names  of  other  citi/ens 
have  been  mentioned  as  entitled  to  this  honor,  yet  within 
three  years  from  his  death  the  legislature  authorized  his 
statue  to  be  procured  and  placed  in  Statuary  Hall.  Why 


8  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

was  this  done  so  quickly  when  his  own  suggestion  to  place 
John  Brown  there  had  not  been  approved?  He  served  in 
this  Chamber  eighteen  years — from  March  4,  1873,  to  March 
4,  1891.  His  election  to  the  Senate  was  unexpected.  "  Op 
portunity  "  knocked  at  his  gate,  and  he  was  made  a  candi 
date  in  a  night.  He  was  elected  the  next  day.  His  reten 
tion  here,  however,  was  not  by  chance,  but  was  due  to  the 
pride  of  the  State  in  its  being  the  fortunate  possessor  of  a 
Senator  who  could  always  command  the  attention  of  the 
nation. 

His  service  prior  to  his  election  was  creditable,  but  not 
conspicuous,  and  his  work  after  he  left  the  Senate  added 
only  to  his  literary  fame.  It  was  what  he  did  here  which 
fixed  his  place  in  history  and  caused  the  people  of  Kansas 
to  proceed  with  pardonable  alacrity  to  select  him  as  the 
State's  first  representative  in  Statuary  Hall. 

He  was  the  greatest  orator  our  State  has  produced. 
While  he  lived  he  was  our  most  noted  citizen.  In  liter 
ature  he  had  no  peer  in  the  .State  and  but  few  in  the 
country.  His  career  in  the  Senate  was  longer  than  that 
of  any  other  Senator  from  Kansas. 

He  was  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate  for7  several 
years,  and  the  late  Senator  Hoar  said  that  he  was  the 
best  presiding  officer  he  had  ever  known  for  conducting 
the  business  of  the  Senate. 

There  are  now  only  eighteen  Senators__  who  served  with 
Senator  IXGALLS.  They  can  speak  of  the  worth  of  his 
services  and  what  he  did  here  which  deserves  remem 
brance.  I  observed  him  from  the  State,  and  learned  to 
know  and  to  admire  him  before  I  ever  saw  his  face. 


John  James  Ingalls.  9 

In  the  discussion  of  questions  growing  out  of  the 
rebellion  war  and  in  the  personal  debates  he  was  always 
heard  with  pleasure  by  the  Senate  and  by  listening 
galleries,  to  the  great  delight  of  his  constituents  and 
friends  at  home.  Those  who  served  with  him  know  his 
powers  of  invective  and  his  skill  in  debate. 

In  the  zenith  of  his  fame  he  never  wanted  for  an 
audience,  either  on  this  floor  or  in  the  galleries.  The 
House  of  Representatives  was  often  left  without  a  quorum 
and  this  Chamber  was  filled  to  overflowing  by  its  Members 
who  wished  to  hear  what  he  had  to  say.  They  were 
never  disappointed,  for  he  was  always  interesting  and 
entertaining  in  public  and  private  speech. 

And  then  the  end  came.  Kansas  had  been  very  pros 
perous,  and  speculation  was  rife  throughout  the  State. 
Railroads  had  been  built  where  there  was  no  traffic,  and 
towns  had  been  laid  out  where  there  were  no  people.  The 
farm  was  mortgaged  for  more  than  its  value.  Everybody 
was  in  debt.  When  pay  day  came  the  crops  had  failed. 
There  was  nothing  with  which  to  meet  the  obligations. 
Discontent  took  the  place  of  contentment.  When  failures 
come  we  always  endeavor  to  fix  the  responsibility  on  some 
one  other  than  ourselves.  The  farmers  organized,  and  in 
Kansas  the  fanners  control  the  State  when  they  wish  to 
do  so.  They  decided  that  there  was  something  wrong  in 
Washington  and  that  legislation  had  been  enacted  which 
was  against  their  interests.  They  believed  that  crimes  had 
been  committed  here,  and,  as  INGALLS  was  Senator  when 
they  were  done,  he  was  held  responsible.  He  desired 
reelection.  The  time  was  ripe  for  revolt.  The  cry  was 


io  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

raised,  "What  has  INGALLS  done  for  Kansas?"  It  was 
difficult  to  say,  except  that  he  had  always  successfully 
defended  the  State  and  its  people  against  all  attacks  made 
here  or  elsewhere.  He  had  always  spoken  and  voted 
for  all  laws  which  had  been  passed  for  the  benefit  of 
ex-Union  soldiers.  He  had  charmed  and  entranced  audi 
ences  with  his  impressive  language  and  forceful  ora 
tory.  He  had  assisted  in  the  settlement  of  many  great 
questions,  but  in  finance  and  the  tariff  he  had  not  been 
conspicuous.  When  these  questions  were  up  in  the  Senate 
he  was  usually  silent,  and  those  questions  were  paramount 
in  the  State  at  that  time.  A  victim  was  desired  ;  a  sacrifice 
was  demanded.  He  was  in  the  pathway  of  the  cyclone  and 
was  swept  before  it.  When  the  election  was  over  it  wrs 
known  that  his  party  did  not  have  a  majority  in  the  joint 
assembly.  It  was  hoped,  however,  that  many  of  his  old 
friends  and  supporters  who  had  acted  with  the  new  party 
which  had  been  organized  would  relent  at  the  last  moment 
and  assist  in  returning  him  to  the  Senate.  For  this  reason 
hope  was  not  entirely  abandoned,  and  it  was  believed  that 
in  the  joint  assembly  there  might  yet  be  a  chance  for  his 
reelection. 

I  was  a  member  of  the  State  senate  and  voted  for  him  in 
caucus  and  in  the  joint  assembly.  I  was  intensely  inter 
ested  in  his  success  and  greatly  disturbed  at  his  probable 
defeat.  Hope  was  not  finally  abandoned  until  the  vote  was 
taken.  I  was  in  his  room  at  a  hotel  in  Topeka  when  it 
was  all  over  and  another  had  been  elected.  He  undoubt 
edly  felt  keenly  the  loss  of  a  seat  in  this  body,  but  he 
maintained  a  resolute  and  confident  demeanor,  which  did 


John  James  Ingalls,  II 

not  in  the  least  show  regret  or  despondency.  We  all  knew 
how  much  he  thought  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States 
and  how  highly  he  prized  his  membership  in  it.  He  often 
said  that  no  other  post  in  the  Government  compared  in 
power  and  dignity  with  a  seat  in  the  Senate.  No  other 
position  could  have  lured  him  from  this  body,  which  1  it- 
loved  so  well.  He  believed  that  a  Senator  of  the  United 
vStates  held  a  more  desirable  position  than  any  other  official. 
So  it  was  that  when  his  fame  was  greatest  and  his  position 
seemingly  most  secure  the  end  came  and  he  retired  to  pri 
vate  life.  His  friends  and  supporters  all  knew  that  he 
looked  forward  to  the  time  when  he  might  again  occupy  a 
seat  jn  this  Chamber,  but  he  made  but  one  effort  to  secure 
it,  and  when  that  campaign  ended  in  the  defeat  of  his  party 
he  gave  up  all  hope  of  again  entering  the  public  service. 

I  shall  never  forget  the  last  time  I  heard  him  speak.  It 
was  near  the  little  town  of  Halstead,  Kansas,  at  an  open-air 
political  meeting.  The  rain  fell  continuously  during  his 
address.  He  was  partially  protected  by  a  canvas,  while  his 
audience  sat  with  raised  umbrellas,  which  almost  hid  their 
faces  from  the  speaker.  These  uncomfortable  surround 
ings  did  not  seem  to  disturb  him  in  the  least.  He  spoke 
with  the  same  fascination  of  manner  and  elegance  of 
diction  that  had  so  often  charmed  audiences  in  this 
Chamber. 

During  the  last  years  of  his  life  no  other  speaker  could 
draw  audiences  so  large  or  entertain  them  so  well  as 
JOHN  J.  INGALLS. 

It  was  in  those  days  of  retirement  that  he  did  a  thing 
which,  alone,  would  give  him  fame  as  long  as  the  English 


12  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

tongue  is  spoken,  even  though  lie  had  never  made  a  speech 
or  written  another  line  during  his  entire  lifetime.  He 
wrote — 

OPPORTUNITY 

Master  of  human  destinies  am  I! 

Fame,  love,  and  fortune  on  my  footsteps  wait. 

Cities  and  fields  I  walk;  I  penetrate 

Deserts  and  seas  remote,  and  passing  by 

Hovel  and  mart  and  palace,  soon  or  late 

I  knock  unbidden  once  at  every  gate! 

If  sleeping,  wake;  if  feasting,  rise  before 

I  turn  away.     It  is  the  hour  of  fate, 

And  they  who  follow  me  reach  every  state 

Mortals  desire,  and  conquer  every  foe 

Save  death;  but  those  who  doubt  or  hesitate, 

Condemned  to  failure,  penury,  and  woe, 

Seek  me  in  vain  and  uselessly  implore. 

I  answer  not,  and  I  return  no  more! 

But  as  the  political  end  had  come,  so  at  last  came  the 
end  of  life.  For  several  years  his  health  had  been  failing, 
and  under  the  advice  of  his  physicians  he  left  his  home  in 
Kansas  and  went  to  the  mountains  of  New  Mexico,  hoping 
there  to  find  relief  from  the  fatal  disease.  It  was  not  so  to 
be,  and  on  August  16,  1900,  with  only  his  faithful  wife  by 
his  bedside,  he  breathed  his  last  and  went  to  the  undis 
covered  country. 

And  then,  as  if  in  some  measure  to  atone  for  the  injustice 
they  had  done  him,  the  people  of  Kansas  provided  that  his 
marble  statue  should  stand  forever  in  the  hall  near  this 
Chamber  in  wrhich  his  great  work  was  done.  Past  political 
affiliations  were  forgotten  when  the  resolution  was  passed. 
In  the  legislature  were  some  who  had  belonged  to  the  party 
which  was  organized  to  retire  him  from  public  life.  They 
joined  his  old  friends  and  supporters  in  preserving  his 


John  James  Ingalls.  13 

stately  and  imposing  figure  in  the  Capitol  of  the  nation, 
and  to-day  Kansas  will  be  gratified  to  know  that  while  the 
voice  of  JOHN  J.  Ixr.AU.s  will  be  heard  no  more,  yet,  in 
cold  marble,  but  in  striking  and  perfect  likeness,  he  has 
ascended  his  pedestal  in  the  old  Hall  of  the  House  of 
Representatives,  there  to  remain  for  all  future  time  as  a 
worthy  and  fitting  contribution  to  that  historic  assemblage. 


14  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 


Address  of  Mr.  Allison,  of  Iowa 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  These  proceedings  involve  the  presen 
tation  by  the  State  of  Kansas  to  the  United  States  of  a 
marble  statue  of  the  late  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS,  a  citizen 
of  that  State.  They  also  involve  the  formal  acceptance 
of  that  statue  by  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  in 
pursuance  of  provisions  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  derived 
from  a  law  approved  July  2,  1864. 

At  the  time  of  the  passage  of  that  act  the  work  on 
the  present  Capitol  building  was  nearing  completion,  it 
having  continued  without  interruption  during  the  stress 
and  strain  of  the  civil  war.  The  new  Hall  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  was  then  occupied,  having  been  com 
pleted  some  years  before.  The  old  Hall  was  therefore  no 
longer  needed  for,  nor  was  it  adapted  to,  legislative 
purposes. 

Various  projects  were  suggested  for  the  utilization  of 
the  old  Hall  thus  vacated,  when  the  late  Senator  Morrill, 
of  Vermont,  then  a  distinguished  Member  of  the  other 
House,  presented  a  plan  for  its  use  which,  with  some 
modifications,  was  finally  agreed  to,  and  is  now  embodied 
in  section  1814  of  the  Revised  Statutes,  as  follows: 

The  President  is  authorized  to  invite  all  the  States  to  provide  and 
furnish  statues,  in  marble  or  bronze,  not  exceeding  two  in  number  for 
each  State,  of  deceased  persons  who  have  been  citizens  thereof  and 
illustrious  for  their  historic  renown  or  for  distinguished  civic  or  military 
services,  such  as  each  State  may  deem  to  be  worthy  of  this  national  com- 


John  James  Ingalls.  15 

memoration;  and  when  so  furnished  the  same  shall  be  placed  in  the  old 
Hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  in  the  Capitol  of  the  United  States, 
which  is  set  ajiart,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  he  necessary,  as  a  national 
Statuary  Hall  for  the  puqx>se  herein  indicated. 

Mr.  Morrill  gave  various  reasons  why  this  Hall  should  be 
thus  dedicated,  but  as  the  primal  reason  that  "  it  afforded 
an  opportunity  to  all  the  States  of  the  Union  to  select  from 
their  citizens  the  most  distinguished  iu  the  service  of  their 
State  or  of  the  nation." 

After  the  passage  of  the  law  the  Hall  was  prepared  for 
the  reception  of  such  statues,  and  from  that  time  until  the 
present  it  has  been  dedicated  wholly  to  that  purpose. 

It  was  easy  for  the  thirteen  original  States,  and  for  the 
vStates  admitted  into  the  Union  soon  after  the  beginning  of 
the  last  century,  to  select  eminent  men  as  their  representa 
tives.  The  newer  States  were  and  are  more  restricted  in 
the  opportunity  to  select  from  their  citizens  eminent 
historical  characters.  They  have  a  narrower  field  for  the 
selection  of  persons  "  illustrious  for  historic  renown  or  for 
their  distinguished  civic  or  military  services,"  although 
each  of  them  could  make  selections  eminently  worth}-  of 
this  national  commemoration. 

A  journey  to  this  memorial  Hall  will  disclose  that  the 
older  States  have  largely  selected  men  distinguished  for 
their  eminent  service  to  their  country  before,  during,  and 
immediately  following  the  Revolutionary  period,  thus  rec 
ognizing  that  the  spirit  of  the  law  requires  that  the 
selection  shall  be  made  at  a  period  so  remote  from  that  in 
which  those  representatives  lived  that  the  antagonisms, 
prejudices,  and  contentions  of  the  active  periods  of  their 


1 6  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

lives  will  have  passed  away,  and  when  those  making  the 
selection  conld  impartially  pass  upon  their  work  as 
entitling  them  especially  for  this  distinction. 

In  this  spirit  we  find  placed  in  that  Hall  statues  of  Roger 
Sherman  and  Jonathan  Trnmbull,  John  Winthrop  and 
Samuel  Adams,  John  Starke  and  Daniel  Webster,  Nathanael 
Greene  and  Roger  Williams,  Robert  Livingston  and  George 
Clinton,  Charles  Carroll  and  Robert  Fulton,  and  others 
equally  "illustrious  for  their  historic  renown  or  for  dis 
tinguished  civic  or  military  services." 

Great  care  has  been  taken  by  the  several  States  in  the 
selections  already  made  to  choose  their  most  eminent 
sons.  Such  care  should  be  taken,  and  doubtless  will  be, 
in  making  future  selections.  This  appears  from  the  fact 
that  although  more  than  forty  years  have  passed  since 
the  dedication  of  this  Hall,  twenty-six  States  are  still 
without  any  representation,  and  five  other  States  are  only 
partially  represented.  Time  in  this  respect  is  not  impor 
tant,  as  with  added  years  in  the  history  of  any  State  the 
list  from  which  to  make  selection  will  be  constantly 
enlarged.  Doubtless  in  the  march  of  events  situations 
will  arise  of  the  highest  moment,  disclosing  great  char 
acters  worthy  of  a  place  in  this  carefully  chosen  galaxy. 

No  State  under  this  act  can  have  more  than  two  rep 
resentatives,  and  the  situation  and  surroundings  are  such 
that  it  will  be  impossible  by  future  legislation  to  add  to 
the  number.  It  is  wise  and  fitting,  therefore,  that  each 
State  should  exercise  the  utmost  care  and  wisdom  in 
making  its  selections,  as  what  is  thus  done  can  not  be 
undone. 


John  James  higalls.  I  / 

Of  the  States  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  only  Mis 
souri  and  Texas  have  made  such  selection,  and  Kansas, 
through  her  legislature,  now  presents  to  Congress,  for  its 
acceptance,  the  statue  of  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS,  a  citizen 
of  that  State,  properly  reserving  for  the  future  the  addi 
tional  representative  statue.  This  is  a  fitting  thing  to 
be  done;  and  it  is  most  gratifying  to  me  to  know  that 
this  selection  was  made  by  practically  the  unanimous 
voice  of  the  people  of  the  State. 

Kansas  was  admitted  as  a  State  into  the  Union  forty- 
four  years  ago,  having  been  made  a  Territory  under  the 
act  of  Congress  passed  May  30,  1854,  when  the  Missouri 
Compromise,  so  called,  was  repealed. 

Following  that  repeal,  this  Territory  at  once  became  the 
theater  of  political  activity  by  two  contending  forces;  one 
seeking  to  make  it  a  free  State,  the  other  to  make  it  a 
slave  State.  This  strife  continued  for  several  years,  and 
was  so  great  that,  virtually,  civil  war  prevailed  in  main- 
parts  of  the  Territory,  requiring  troops  of  the  United 
States  to  be  sent  there  to  preserve  the  peace  and  to  sup 
press  disorder. 

The  conditions  prevailing  there  excited  the  whole  coun 
try.  Political  parties  were  actively  arrayed  against  each 
other  in  sympathy  with  one  side  or  the  other  of  the 
question  of  the  extension  or  the  restriction  of  slavery, 
which  was  the  all-absorbing  question  during  the  campaign 
of  1860  for  President  and  Yice-President.  This  was  the 
last  struggle  on  this  momentous  question  before  the  civil 
war. 

17102 — 05 2 


1 8  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

Two  constitutions  were  framed  by  two  different  conven 
tions.  One  of  these  was  submitted  to  Congress  and  re 
jected  ;  when  an  enabling  act  was  passed  submitting-  the 
whole  question  to  all  the  people  of  Kansas.  This  resulted 
in  the  approval  of  what  was  known  as  the  "Wyandotte 
constitution,"  under  which  the  Territory  was  admitted  as 
a  State  in  January,  1861. 

The  scene  of  this  conflict  was  far  away  from  the  densely 
settled  portions  of  the  country,  and  was  difficult  of  access, 
there  being  practically  no  railways  at  that  time  west  of 
the  Mississippi  River.  A  journey  by  water  was  slow  and 
uncertain.  A  journey  by  wagon  was  over  boundless 
prairies,  with  only  here  and  there  a  wagon  road. 

The  people  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  took  a  deep 
interest  in  this  struggle  and  many  of  her  sons  migrated 
to  the  Territory.  One  of  these,  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS, 
a  graduate  of  Williams  College,  who  had  been  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Massachusetts,  impelled,  doubtless  some 
what  by  a  spirit  of  adventure  and  more  by  an  ambition 
to  take  part  in  the  affairs  of  this  newly  projected  State, 
at  the  age  of  25  found  his  way  by  a  long  and  somewhat 
difficult  journey  by  river,  rail,  and  wagon  into  this  new 
country  and  into  the  very  midst  of  its  contentions  and 
struggles.  He  took  the  side  of  the  sons  of  his  native 
State  in  the  controversy,  and  soon  became  a  conspicu 
ous  factor  in  the  affairs  of  the  Territory;  was  made  a 
member  of  the  constitutional  convention  for  the  forma 
tion  of  the  State  and  participated  actively  in  its  deliber 
ations.  His  ability  and  force  were  soon  recognized,  and 
a  friendly  biographer  records  that  the  constitution  itself 


John  Jtinics  Ingn/ls.  19 

bears  the  impress  of  his  intellect  and  knowledge  in 
much  of  its  phraseology.  The  care  taken  in  its  prepa 
ration  and  its  adaptation  to  the  affairs  of  this  new  State 
is  shown  by  the  fact  that  this  constitution,  with  a  few 
amendments,  has  stood  the  test  of  forty-four  years  with 
out  material  change. 

After  the  admission  of  the  State  into  the  Union  Mr. 
INGALLS  was  elected  and  for  several  years  served  as  a 
member  of  the  State  senate,  where  he  was  active  in 
framing  laws  necessary  for  the  new  State. 

These  early  services  rendered  to  the  Territory  of 
Kansas  and  subsequently  to  the  State  doubtless  exerted 
a  very  great  influence  on  the  legislature,  which  selected 
him  in  1873  as  a  fit  person  to -represent  the  State  in 
the  United  States  Senate,  and  this  also  was  undoubtedly 
a  factor  in  his  selection  as  a  suitable  person  to  be  rep 
resented  in  marble  in  this  National  Hall  as  a  leader  of 
conspicuous  ability  in  the  early  struggles  of  that  State 
for  the  establishment  of  a  free  government. 

The  legislature  of  Kansas  in  1873  selected  him  to 
succeed  to  the  seat  of  Senator  Pomeroy  in  the  Senate. 
Although  not  a  candidate  he  was  chosen  with  unanimity 
by  the  legislature  as  a  Senator  in  this  body.  He  took  the 
oath  of  office  on  the  4th  of  March,  1873.  He  was  twice 
reelected,  and  served  in  this  body  for  eighteen  consecutive 
years.  That  he  served  with  great  ability  and  with  credit 
to  his  State  and  to  his  country  during  this  long  period  is 
well  attested  by  the  records  of  the  Senate. 

He  was  an  intense  lover  of  his  State.  He  was  vigorous 
in  support  of  its  interests  here  and  of  all  important 


2O  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

measures  looking  to  the  development  of  that  portion  of 
our  country  lying  west  of  the  Mississippi  River. 

Early  in  his  service  he  was  assigned  to  important  com 
mittees  and  made  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the 
District  of  Columbia.  He  was  also  made  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  and  of  the  Committee  on 
Rules.  Later  he  was  assigned  to  the  Committee  on  the 
Judiciary,  all  of  which  positions  he  held  until  the  end 
of  his  last  term  of  service. 

He  participated  actively  in  the  preparation  of  many 
important  public  measures  referred  to  the  committees  of 
which  he  was  a  member  and  in  securing  their  passage 
through  the  Senate. 

He  was  frequently  selected  by  order  of  the  Senate  to 
perform  special  services  of  importance.  He  was  one  of 
the  tellers  on  the  part  of  the  Senate  in  the  celebrated 
electoral  count  of  1877,  which  lasted  from  the  first 
Wednesday  in  February  until  the  morning  of  the  day 
preceding  the  inauguration  of  President  Hayes. 

He  took  an  active  part  in  the  general  debates  of  the 
Senate,  warmly  advocating  measures  approved  by  him  and 
with  equal  warmth  severely  criticising  measures  that  did 
not  meet  his  approval. 

He  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  effective  debaters 
on  the  floor  of  the  Senate.  Always  cool  and  collected 
and  having  full  information  on  the  subjects  he  discussed, 
he  was  formidable  on  the  floor.  He  had  a  facility  of 
expression  rarely  equaled  and  a  keen  sense  of  humor. 
He  was  a  master  of  invective  and  often  indulged  in 
telling  and  biting  sarcasm.  He  was  not  only  an  effective 


John  James  lugalls.  21 

debater,  but  he  was  distinguished  as  a  fascinating  am? 
persuasive  orator.  It  can  be  said  of  him,  as  it  can  be 
said  at  any  time  of  but  few  members  of  the  Senate,  that 
when  he  was  to  speak  the  galleries  were  full.  It  was 
enough  to  say  that  "  INGALLS  is  to  speak  to-day "  to 
attract  a  large  and  appreciative  audience,  not  only  in  the 
galleries  but  from  the  House  and  in  the  seats  on  the 
Senate  floor. 

For  such  extended  speeches  upon  any  particular  sub 
ject  he  made  careful  and  painstaking  preparation,  even 
to  the  precise  phraseology  employed. 

I  should  say  that  his  greatest  accomplishment  was  his 
command  of  language  and  his  ability  to  use  it  in  public 
debate. 

He  often  presided  as  President  of  the  Senate.  He  was 
elected  permanent  President  pro  tempore,  as  we  term  it, 
in  December,  1887,  and  continuously  presided  as  such 
until  March  4,  1889.  He  was  one  of  the  ablest  and  most 
satisfactory  presiding  officers  certainly  during  my  experi 
ence  here. 

The  State  of  Kansas  has  been  Republican  practically 
from  the  time  of  its  admission  into  the  Union  until  the 
present.  In  1872,  however,  there  was  what  might  be 
called  a  rebellion  within  the  party  against  those  who- 
had  l>een  conspicuous  among  its  leaders  in  Congress,  and 
Senator  ING  ALLS  was  elected  by  general  consent  of  the 
party  in  the  State  to  the  Senatorial  seat,  which  he  con 
tinuously  occupied  until  his  retirement  in  1891.  He  was 
twice  reelected  without  opposition,  and  would  probably 
have  remained  in  the  Senate  up  to  the  time  of  his  death 


22  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

but  for  the  fact  that  in  1890  a  political  revolution 
occurred  in  the  State  against  the  Republican  party,  plac 
ing  it  in  the  minority  in  the  legislature,  when  the  opposi 
tion  united  in  selecting  Mr.  Peffer  as  his  successor.  The 
revolution,  however,  which  resulted  in  his  defeat  was 
political  and  not  personal. 

Senator  INGALLS  was  a  lover  of  the  best  literature. 
He  wrote  many  celebrated  articles  on  public  affairs  and 
many  of  a  purely  literary  character.  His  poem  on  "  Op 
portunity,"  which  has  just  been  read,  is  a  gem  sufficient 
in  itself  to  immortalize  its  author. 

Thus  it  is  that  JOHN  JAMES  IXGALLS  is  illustrious  for 
his  historic  renown  as  well  as  for  his  distinguished  civic 
services,  and  is  worthy  of  national  commemoration  by 
the  State  of  Kansas.  It  is  fitting,  therefore,  that  his 
statue  in  marble  should  be  accepted  by  Congress  and 
placed  in  National  Statuary  Hall. 

It  was  my  fortune  to  enter  the  Senate  on  the  same 
day  with  Senator  INGALLS  and  to  serve  with  him  during 
the  entire  period  of  his  service.  With  the  exception  of 
two  years,  I  had  a  seat  next  to  him  in  this  Chamber. 
Our  relations  weie  the  most  cordial  during  all  that  time. 
I  esteemed  and  valued  him  for  his  many  kindly  and 
genial  personal  qualities,  as  well  as  for  his  great  ability, 
and  no  one  regretted  more  than  I  the  political  change 
in  the  State  which  made  it  necessary  for  him  to  retire 
from  the  activities  of  the  Senate. 


Jo/in  James  Ing  a  Us.  23 


Address  of  Mr.  Cockrell,  of  Missouri 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  The  statute  of  the  United  vStates  of 
July  2,  1864,  authorized  the  President— 

To  invite  all  the  States  to  provide  and  furnish  statues  in  marble  or 
bronze,  not  exceeding  two  in  number  for  each  State,  of  deceased  per 
sons  who  have  been  citizens  thereof  and  illustrious  for  their  historic 
renown  or  for  distinguished  civic  or  military  services  such  as  each 
State  may  deem  to  be  worthy  of  this  national  commemoration;  and 
when  so  furnished  the  same  shall  be  placed  in  the  old  Hall  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  in  the  Capitol  of  the  United  States,  which  is 
set  apart,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary,  as  a  National  Stat 
uary  Hall  for  the  purpose  herein  indicated. 

This  law  dedicates  the  beautiful  chamber,  the  old  Hall 
of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  this  Capitol,  as  a  gal 
lery  for  the  marble  or  bronze  statues  of  not  exceeding 
two  deceased  persons  for  each  State  who  have  been  citi 
zens  thereof  and  illustrious  for  their  historic  renown  or 
for  distinguished  civic  or  military  services,  such  as  each 
State  may  deem  to  be  worthy  of  such  commemoration, 
and  leaves  the  selection  to  the  absolute  discretion  of 
each  State.  It  is  an  appropriate  and  wise  provision. 
The  State  of  Kansas,  in  providing  and  furnishing  the 
marble  statue  of  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS  as  one  of  the  two 
deceased  persons  for  that  wState  deemed  worthy  of 
national  commemoration,  has  chosen  appropriately  and 
wisely.  As  one  of  the  Senators  in  this  Chamber  from 
the  State  of  Missouri,  adjoining  and  bordering  the  State 
of  Kansas  on  its  entire  eastern  line,  I  take  great  pleas 
ure  in  favoring  the  adoption  of  the  pending  resolution 


24  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

and  the  acceptance  of  the  statue  of  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS 
to  be  placed  in  the  National  Statuary  Hall  in  this  Capitol. 

JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS  was  born  in  the  town  of  Micl- 
dleton,  in  Essex  County,  in  the  State  of  Massachusetts,  on 
December  29,  1833.  His  original  ancestor  on  his  father's 
side  was  Edmund  Ingalls,  or,  as  then  written,  Ingall,  who 
came  from  West  England  in  1628  and  founded  the  city 
of  Lynn,  in  Essex  County,  Mass.  His  father,  Elias  T. 
Ingalls,  of  Haverhill,  Mass.,  was  a  typical  New  Eng- 
lander — devout,  austere,  scholarly,  intended  for  one  of  the 
learned  professions. 

His  original  ancestor  on  his  mother's  side  was  Aquila 
Chase,  who  settled  in  1630  in  New  Hampshire.  His  • 
mother  was  Eliza  Chase.  On  both  sides  he  came  from  an 
unbroken  strain  of  Puritan  blood  without  intermixture. 
He  was  the  oldest  of  nine  children,  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  until  he  was  16,  and  then  continued  his 
studies  preparatory  for  college  under  a  private  tutor. 

He  entered  Williams  College  at  Williamstown,  Mass.,  in 
September,  1851,  and  graduated  in  1855.  His  boldness  of 
character  was  clearly  foreshadowed  in  his  college  course. 

In  his  graduating  oration  on  "  Mummy  life,"  he  inserted 
a  scathing  review  of  his  college  faculty,  which  they  cut  out 
when  they  revised  his  production  prior  to  delivery. 

Notwithstanding  this,  in  his  delivery  he  spoke  all  they 
had  cut  out  and  paid  his  respects  to  the  faculty  in  trench 
ant  criticism. 

For  this  offense  his  diploma  was  withheld  until  1864. 
However,  twenty  years  after  granting  his  diploma,  his 


John  James  Ingalls.  25 

alma  mater  honored  him  with  the  decree  of  doctor  of 
laws. 

After  his  graduation  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1857,  and  removed  to  Kansas,  then  a  Territory, 
in  1858,  and  located  at  Atchison. 

He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Wyandotte  constitutional  con 
vention  in  1859,  secretary  of  the  Territorial  council  in 
1860,  secretary  of  the  State  senate  in  1861,  the  first  session 
after  the  admission  of  the  Territory  as  a  State  in  the 
Union. 

During  the  session  the  question  of  a  design  for  the  great 
seal  of  the  State  came  np.  I  quote  from  his  own  statement 
in  regard  to  it : 

I  suggested  a  sketch  embracing  a  single  star  rising  from  the  clouds  at 
the  base  of  afield,  with  the  constellation  (representing  the  number  of 
States  then  in  the  Union)  above,  accompanied  by  the  motto,  "Ad  astra 
per  aspera."  The  clouds  at  the  base  were  intended  to  represent  the  perils 
and  troubles  of  our  Territorial  history;  the  star  emerging  therefrom  the 
new  .State;  the  constellation,  like  that  on  the  flag,  the  Union,  to  which 
after  a  stormy  struggle  it  had  been  admitted. 

Additions  were  made  to  this  proposed  design  which 
Mr.  INC. ALLS  always  thought  destroyed  the  beauty  and 
simplicity  of  his  design. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  State  senate  of  Kansas  from 
Atchison  County  in  1862;  was  major,  lieutenant-colonel, 
and  judge-advocate,  Kansas  Volunteers,  1863  to  1865,  and 
was  editor  of  the  Atchison  Champion  in  1863,  1864,  and 
1865,  and  was  the  anti-Lane  candidate  for  lieutenant- 
governor  in  1862  and  again  in  1864,  and  was  defeated 
each  time.  He  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Sen 
ate  as  a  Republican  to  succeed  Senator  S.  C.  Pomeroy, 


26  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

Republican,  and  took  his  seat  March  4,  1873,  anc^  was 
subsequently  twice  reelected  and  served  in  this  Chamber 
from  March  4,  1873,  to  March  3,  1891,  eighteen  years' 
continuous  service. 

Prior  to  1873  he  devoted  much  time  to  literary  work, 
much  of  which  was  in  praise  of  his  adopted  State,  clearly 
manifesting  an  admiration  and  love  for  his  State  and 
people. 

He  wrote  a  series  of  brilliant  articles  for  magazines 
descriptive  of  western  life  and  adventure,  which  won  for 
him  a  national  reputation  on  account  of  his  classical 
style,  incisive  method,  and  a  luxuriant  wealth  of  words. 

His  oft-quoted  estimate  of  President  Lincoln  shows 
clearly  his  epigrammatic  style. 

Abraham  Lincoln,  the  greatest  leader  of  all,  had  the  humblest  origin 
and  scantiest  scholarship,  yet  he  surpassed  all  orators  in  eloquence,  all 
diplomats  in  wisdom,  all  statesmen  in  foresight,  and  the  most  ambi 
tious  in  fame. 

His  command  of  language  was  most  remarkable.  His 
sparkling  words  seemed  to  come  to  him  easily  and 
naturally  in  conversation,  in  public  speaking,  and  in 
writing,  and  few  men  equaled  him  in  the  correct  and 
scholarly  command  of  the  English  language. 

As  an  orator  he  was  eloquent  and  interesting,  and  his 
powers  of  expression  attained  their  highest  development. 

In  his  memorial  address  on  Representative  James  X. 
Burnes,  of  Missouri,  he  said  : 

In  the  democracy  of  the  dead  all  men  at  last  are  equal.  There  is  neither 
rank,  station,  nor  prerogative  in  th"  republic  of  the  grave.  At  this  fatal 
threshold  the  philosopher  ceases  to  be  wise  and  the  song  of  the  poet  is 
silent.  Dives  relinquishes  his  millions  and  Lazarus  his  rags.  The  poor 
man  is  as  rich  as  the  richest  and  the  rich  man  as  poor  as  the  pauper.  The 


John  James  fnga//s.  27 

creditor  loses  his  usury  ami  the  debtor  is  acquitted  of  his  obligation. 
There  the  proud  man  surrenders  his  dignities,  the  political!  his  honors, 
the  worldling  his  pleasures,  the  invalid  needs  no  physician,  and  the  laj>orer 
rests  from  unrequited  toil.  Here  at  last  is  Nature's  final  decree  in  equity. 
*  The  strongest  there  has  no  supremacy  and  the  weakest  needs  no 
defense.  The  mightiest  captain  succumbs  to  the  invincible  adversary, 
who  disarms  alike  the  victor  and  the  vanquished. 

In  political  discussions  he  was  a  partisan  and  \vas  dras 
tic  in  his  language. 

He  served  on  many  important  committees  of  the  Sen 
ate  and  was  attentive  to  his  duties.  After  the  death  of 
Vice-President  Hendricks  he  was  chosen  President  pro 
tempore  of  the  Senate,  and  was  a  most  efficient  presid 
ing  officer,  eminently  able,  courteous,  dignified,  and  abso 
lutely  impartial,  and  never  manifested  any  partisan  actions. 

My  first  personal  acquaintance  with  Senator  INV.AI.I.S 
was  in  March,  1^75. 

In  a  very  friendly  and  cordial  manner  he  introduced 
himself  to  me,  and  we  became  and  remained  personal 
friends  during  his  eighteen  years  in  this  Chamber. 

During  his  eighteen  years'  service  in  this  body  there 
was  never  a  breath  of  suspicion  or  doubt  about  his  abso 
lute  personal  and  Senatorial  integrity. 

JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS  is  doubtless  the  most  distin 
guished  statesman,  the  most  brilliant  orator,  and  the  most 
versatile  and  classic  writer  among  the  many  able  men 
the  State  of  Kansas  has  produced.  The  State  of  Kansas 
and  the  good  people  of  the  State  have  honored  the  State 
and  themselves  in  providing  and  furnishing  the  statue 
in  commemoration  of  JOHN  J.  INGAU.S  for  the  Statuary 
Hall,  in  this  Capitol. 


28  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 


Address  of  Mr.  Platt,  of  Connecticut 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  In  nature  it  often  happens  that  a  tree 
or  plant  transferred  from  its  native  soil  to  some  far-away 
region  attains  a  stronger,  healthier,  more  vigorous  and 
perfect  growth  than  it  would  have  enjoyed  in  its  original 
locality.  New  soil,  new  cultivation,  and  the  different 
air  and  sunshine  seem  to  supply  elements  of  growth  and 
development  lacking  in  its  first  environment.  If  a  fruit- 
bearing  tree,  its  fruit  acquires  a  superior  flavor.  If  a 
flowering  plant,  its  blossom  takes  on  a  new  beauty,  not 
that  the  character  of  the  tree  or  plant  is  radically  changed, 
but  its  natural  characteristics  and  qualities  are  accent 
uated  by  something  derived  from  its  new  locality,  to  its 
vast  improvement.  There  is  nothing  in  nature  more 
curious  and  instructive  than  the  change  for  the  better 
which  so  frequently  comes  from  transplanting.  As  in 
the  natural  world,  so  in  the  mental  and  moral  world, 
there  is  nothing  more  curious  or  marked  in  human 
civilization  than  the  change  which  has  come  to  men 
in  consequence  of  their  migration.  The  impulse  to  seek 
a  new  home  in  what  is  hoped  to  be  a  better  country 
has  altered  the  map  of  the  world  and  done  much  to 
perfect  the  civilization  of  mankind. 

At  this  hour  the  Senate,  in  which  all  the  States  are 
represented,  joins  with  Kansas  in  paying  its  tribute  of 
admiration  and  respect  to  the  most  prominent  and  illus- 


Jo/in  James  fngal/s.  29 

trious  citizen  of  that  State,  now,  alas!  departed,  whose 
statue  is  henceforth  to  occupy  a  pedestal  in  onr  National 
Statuary  Hall. 

A  New  England  boy,  of  Puritan  ancestry,  nurtured 
by  a  New  England  mother  in  a  New  England  home, 
graduated  at  a  New  England  college,  admitted  to  prac 
tice  as  a  New  England  lawyer,  turned  in  his  youth  to 
what  was  then  the  far  West,  to  take  on  new  growth, 
acquire  new  power  and  strength,  to  become  foremost  in 
the  building  of  a  new  State,  to  be  honored  while  yet  in 
his  early  manhood  as  its  representative  in  the  Senate 
of  the  United  States,  there  for  eighteen  years  to  make 
his  mark  on  the  policies  and  destinies  of  the  Republic — 
this,  in  a  word,  is  the  condensed  life  history  of  ex-Senator 
JOHN  J.  I xr, ALLS. 

It  is  the  old  story  over  again.  Perhaps  there  is  no 
better  illustration  in  all  our  history  of  the  growth  in 
power  and  influence  of  a  man  in  consequence  of  his  migra 
tion  from  the  settled  habits  and  institutions  of  the  East  to 
the  new  and  undeveloped  regions  of  the  West.  Had  the 
boy  INGALLS  remained  in  Massachusetts  he  would  probably 
never  have  been  a  representative  of  that  State  either  in  the 
Senate  or  the  House.  His  whole  life  work  would  have 
been  along  different  lines,  and  though  he  could  never  have 
been  inconspicuous,  he  would  doubtless  never  have  left  a 
lasting  impression  upon  the  history  of  our  country.  He 
gave  no  early  promise  of  particular  interest  in  public 
affairs;  no  indication  that  statecraft  would  be  with  him  a 
favorite  pursuit.  In  his  boyhood  and  young  manhood  his 
tastes  were  scholarlv  and  literarv. 


30  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

Remaining  in  New  England,  lie  would  unquestionably 
have  been  distinguished  as  an  author,  a  poet,  a  critic,  a 
historian,  rather  than  as  an  eminent  lawyer  or  statesman. 
Once  settled  in  Kansas,  however,  the  gateway  of  prefer 
ment  swung  wide  open  to  him.  New  thoughts,  purposes, 
hopes,  and  aspirations  took  possession  of  him.  His  choice 
'  was  well  made.  Territorial  Kansas  had  been  born  in 
agony  and  baptized  in  blood.  Within  its  borders  the  first 
great  battle  between  human  slavery  and  freedom  had  been 
fought — was,  indeed,  still  in  progress.  It  ended  only  at 
Appomattox.  INGALLS  had  in  him  not  only  the  Puritan 
spirit  of  liberty,  but  the  ancestral  warlike  spirit  of  the 
Northmen.  He  was  of  the  lineage  of  Thor.  He  had  been 
taught  to  love  freedom.  He  was  ready  to  do  battle  for  it. 
The  bloody  conflict  in  Kansas  was  over,  but  the  peaceful, 
though  no  less  acute,  struggle  was  still  on.  A  State 
which  for  a  while  seemed  foredoomed  to  slavery  was  to 
be  builded  on  the  foundation  of  freedom. 

Making  his  home  in  Kansas  in  1858,  we  find  INGALLS 
the  next  year  a  member  of  the  Wyandotte  convention,  in 
which  was  framed  the  constitution  iipon  which  Kansas 
was  to  be  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  free  State,  and 
although  practically  a  stranger  in  the  growing  Territory 
we  find  his  worth  and  influence  already  recognized 
insomuch  that  the  new  constitution  was  largely  the  result 
of  his  thought  and  his  facile  pen.  Kansas,  free  and 
fearless,  became  the  object  of  his  intense  love  and  devotion. 
Looking  at  his  record,  his  part  in  constitution  making 
and  State  building,  these  his  earlier  years  seem  to  me 
the  most  significant.  He  became  a  noted  Senator,  and 


fo/in  James  IiigaHs.  31 

as  such  acquired  a  great  reputation,  but  I  doubt  if  in  all 
his  after  life  he  ever  rendered  more  valuable  service  to 
his  vState  than  when  he  helped  to  construct  and  so 
largely  molded  its  original  constitution,  which,  like  that 

c"»  .  <^ 

of  the  Republic,  followed,  and  was  the  culmination  of 
an  intense,  weary,  and  bloody  struggle  for  liberty,  and, 
like  our  National  Constitution,  was  ordained  to  secure 
the  blessings  of  liberty  to  the  people  of  Kansas.  The 
scholar,  the  poet,  the  dreamer,  the  word  painter,  found 
his  higher  and  nobler  work  in  State  building.  INC.ALLS 
was  by  nature  a  genius.  The  necessities  and  opportunities 
of  his  new  life  made  him  a  practical  statesman. 

I  first  saw  him  when  I  came  to  the  Senate  in  1879. 
He  had  then  been  six  years  a  Senator,  and  his  name 
and  fame  had  already  filled  the  country.  It  was  an  able 
Senate.  It  comprised  many  Senators  of  great  learning, 
ability,  and  influence,  but  I  think  I  make  no  invidious 
comparison  when  I  say  that  its  three  most  conspicuous 
members,  Senators  most  in  the  public  eye,  were  Conkling, 
Hlaine,  and  I  NO  ALLS,  each  a  unique  and  forceful  person 
ality,  and  of  these  three  I  NO  ALLS  was  by  no  means  the 
least  conspicuous  or  distinguished.  Visitors  to  the 
Senate  gallery  wished  to  have  first  pointed  out  to  them 
these  three  men,  and  took  away  more  clearly  impressed 
upon  their  mental  vision  the  picture  of  INGALLS  than  of 
either  Blaine  or  Conkling.  He  was,  indeed,  physically 
and  mentally,  the  most  unique  personality  in  the  Senate. 
His  strong  individuality  of  face,  his  bearing,  his  incisive 
speech,  his  marvelous  expression  of  ideas,  attracted  and 
fascinated  all  who  saw  and  heard  him.  Few  Senators 


32  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

have  excelled  him  in  scholarship;  none  I  think  in  poetic 
temperament;  and  he  was  the  peer  of  any  in  his 
knowledge  of  our  history  and  ability  in  discussion. 

Senatorial  oratory  was  even  then  in  its  transition  period. 
Studied,  ornate,  and  classic  eloquence  was  disappearing, 
giving  place  to  precise  and  accurate  statement  and  analysis. 
But  INGALLS  possessed  oratorical  power  all  his  own — a 
fresh  style  of  oratory,  perfect,  effective,  unmatched,  either 
in  remote  or  modern  times.  Neither  Demosthenes  nor 
Webster  was  a  more  complete  orator  than  INGALLS.  No 
other  Senator  attracted  so  many  hearers  or  cast  such  a  spell 
upon  his  listeners.  So  far  as  I  have  known  the  Senate,  cr 
read  its  history,  I  think  no  Senator  has  ever  equaled 
INGALLS  as  a  master  of  language.  The  words  with  which 
he  clothed  his  thoughts  may  have  been  studied,  but  seemed 
to  be  spontaneously  uttered  ;  indeed,  in  the  heat  of  debate, 
where  formal  preparation  was  impossible,  his  wonderful  use 
of  the  English  language  was  as  striking  as  in  his  more 
elaborate  speeches. 

It  was  a  delight  to  listen  to  him,  and  his  perfect  sen 
tences,  precise  and  beautiful  rhetoric,  will  never  be  for 
gotten  by  any  who  heard  him.  He  was  not  a  mere  phrase 
maker  who  conjured  and  juggled  with  wor.ds  and  forms  of 
speech,  but  a  logician,  whose  argument  compelled  attention 
and  carried  conviction.  He  was  a  fearless  Senator.  He 
never  shunned  a  conflict ;  never  retreated  from  an  oppo 
nent.  He  said  in  a  magazine  article,  I  think,  of  ex-Senator 
Chandler,  of  Michigan,  "  His  weapon  was  the  butcher's 
cleaver  and  not  the  rapier."  INGALL'S  weapon  was  more 
like  the  rapier  or  scimiter.  Senators  will  recall  that  scene 


John  James  In  falls.  33 

in  The  Talisman  where  King  Richard,  just  risen  from  a 
sick  bed,  with  his  two-handed  sword  severed  a  bar  of  iron, 
and  Saladin  with  his  scimiter  divided  the  floating  and 
flimsy  veil  of  silk.  INGALLS  wielded  the  scimiter  of  Saladin 
rather  than  the  sword  of  Richard,  and  the  dexterity  with 
which  he  handled  it  was  a  marvel  to  all. 

During  his  service  in  the  Senate  he  constantly  gained 
in  influence  and  power  and  as  constantly  grew  in  the 
estimation  of  his  State.  During  all  the  eighteen  years 
of  his  sen-ice,  it  is  no  disparagement  of  all  the  other  able 
and  strong  men  of  Kansas  to  say  that  he  was  easily  its 
most  prominent  and  illustrious  citizen.  A  son  of  New 
England,  the  man  of  Kansas.  It  was  a  strange  and  sad 
eccentricity  of  Kansas  that  relegated  him  to  private  life. 
It  -was  the  loss  of  the  State  rather  than  his  own  personal 
loss.  He  was  as  strong  in  defeat  and  in  private  life  as 
he  had  been  in  his  Senatorial  career.  His  public  life 
and  services  were  indeed  ended,  but  his  nature  was  not 
soured  nor  embittered.  All  his  love  of  the  beautiful  and 
true  of  the  State  of  his  adoption,  all  the  poetry  of  his 
soul  shone  out  more  clearly  than  was  possible  while  a 
Senator.  He  accepted  his  fate  like  a  hero,  knowing,  I 
think,  that  the  day  would  come  when  his  State  would 
do  him  yet  higher  honor  and  cherish  for  him  a  still 
higher  regard.  Whether  he  knew  this  or  not,  that  time 
has  come,  and  to-day  the  State  honors  him  in  death 
more  than  it  ever  did  in  life  by  placing  his  statue  along 
side  those  of  the  great  and  noble  men  whose  lives  have 
been  so  potential  in  molding  the  history  and  destiny  of 
our  Republic. 

17102—05 3 


34  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 


Address  of  Mr.  Gorman,  of  Maryland 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  It  is  a  privilege  to  pay  tribute  to  the 
memory  of  JOHN  J.  INGALLS.  His  was  a  colossal  figure 
on  the  stage  of  our  affairs.  There  may  have  been  ora 
tors  as  eloquent,  statesmen  as  wise,  politicians  as  coura 
geous,  citizens  as  patriotic  and  devoted,  but  I  recall  few, 
if  any,  who,  as  orator,  statesman,  politician,  and  patriot, 
imited  in  one  person  so  many  of  these  virtues  and  in 
such  conspicuous  manifestation. 

He  was  a  master  of  our  language.  He  made  of  it  a 
splendid  yet  a  docile  instrument.  Logic,  pathos,  fascina 
tion,  invective,  and  entreaty — these  forces  he  employed  at 
will  and  irresistibly. 

His  speech  was  clear,  incisive,  musical,  and  luminous. 
His  arguments  were  always  persuasive  and  enlightened, 
his  motives  transparently  high  and  pure.  His  denuncia 
tions  were  terrible,  his  irony  a  blight.  He  hated  deceit, 
hypocrisy,  pretense,  and  cowardice.  He  laid  a  ruthless 
hand  on  treachery  and  meanness;  he  treated  with  his  scorn 
the  fawning  knee.  He  loved  his  country  with  unbounded 
passion.  He  worshiped  justice,  candor,  patriotism. 

JOHN  J.  INGALLS  was  a  type  of  the  noblest  and  most 
useful  American  citizenship.  One  of  the  thousands  sent 
out  of  New  England  as  teachers,  pioneers,  examples, 
inspirations,  he  took  with  him  to  desert  places  the  culture 
and  the  purpose  of  a  perfected  civilization.  He  lifted  in 
the  wilderness  a  voice  of  leading  and  of  grace.  And 
when  he  came  from  Kansas  to  the  Senate  he  came  with  a 


John  J a  tncs  I  tig  alls.  35 

conscience  adjusted  to  realities,  with  a  judgment  informed 
by  deep  and  broad  experience,  with  standards  and  philoso 
phies  that  fit  the  things  of  life.  The  dreamer  fresh  from 
cloistered  peace  had  been  trained  in  the  great  schools  of 
action.  Shaped  anew  in  the  clashes  and  the  conflicts  of 
the  border,  his  thoughts  were  turned  to  actual  aims,  his 
ambitions  divested  of  their  veils.  He  became  a  power  on 
this  floor. 

The  forces  he  could  summon  to  his  service  and  which  'he 
knew  how  to  marshal  to  important  ends  were  forces  which 
the  greatest  giants  of  the  day  had  need  to  reckon  with. 
He  was  an  antagonist  whom  the  strongest  were  careful  to 
approach  with  cantion  and  respect.  Not  only  an  orator, 
but  a  scholar ;  not  only  a  statesman,  but  a  patriot,  he  used 
the  graces  of  the  academy  to  deck  the  massive  structure  of 
experience  in  vital  things.  He  was  no  complacent  doctri 
naire,  no  suave  juggler  of  abstractions.  He  was  an  alert 
and  pulsing  expert  in  the  science  of  politics  and  statecraft. 

Of  his  brilliant  and  profound  attainments,  his  memorable 
deeds,  his  lofty  purposes,  and  his  notable  achievements, 
what  need  to  speak  ?  These  have  passed  into  the  record. 
They  constitute  a  splendid  chapter  in  our  history.  And,  in 
addition  to  his  triumphs  as  a  debater,  a  leader,  and  a  strate 
gist,  he  developed  into  one  of  the  wisest,  fairest,  and  most 
enlightened  presiding  officers  the  Senate  has  ever  known. 

It  was  my  fortune  to  know  him  well.  It  fell  to  my  lot 
to  oppose  him  at  many  times  and  on  many  moving  issues, 
but  I  always  recognized  the  sincerity  of  his  convictions, 
the  fine  courage  of  his  bearing,  the  chivalric  purpose  of  his 
soul,  and  I  am  proud  to  lay  upon  his  monument  this  wreath 
of  mv  esteem. 


36  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 


Address  of  Mr.  Spooner,  of  Wisconsin 

Mr.  PRESIDENT  :  My  admiration  for  the  genius  of  Sena 
tor  INGALLS  and  a  very  tender  memory  of  the  friendship 
with  which  he  honored  me  when  I  came,  a  stranger,  to  this 
body  led  me  to  accept  with  alacrity  an  invitation  to  speak 
of  him  and  his  career  on  this  occasion,  in  the  hope,  which 
has  proven  a  vain  one,  that  public  duty  would  permit  me 
leisure  for  adequate  preparation.  I  can  not  suffer  this 
ceremonial  in  his  honor  to  pass  without  some  contribution 
from  me,  albeit  fully  aware  that  I  can  not  add  anything  of 
worth  to  the  appropriate  and  beautiful  addresses  to  which 
the  Senate  has  listened. 

At  the  beginning  of  my  service  here,  now  nearly  twenty 
years  ago,  he  was  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  the  Dis 
trict  of  Columbia,  and  at  his  request — and  his  welcome  to 
me  was  a  charming  one — I  became  a  member  of  that  com 
mittee.  Thus  it  happened  that  I  was  brought  early  into 
close  personal  relation  with  him  in  the  discharge  of  public 
duty,  and  came  to  appreciate,  as  one  will  in  such  associa 
tion,  his  intellectual  power  and  characteristics.  He  was 
then  at  the  zenith  of  his  power  and  fame. 

Little  has  been  said  of  him  to-day  as  a  lawyer.  He 
came,  perhaps,  too  early  into  public  life  to  have  won  great 
fame  at  the  bar,  but  I  found  him  possessed  of  a  remarkable 
aptitude  for  the  law,  with  wide  and  accurate  knowledge  of 
the  fundamental  principles  of  the  law.  He  possessed  legal 


John  James  Ingalls.  37 

intuition,  and  reached  as  quickly  the  heart  of  a  legal  prob 
lem  as  did  aynone  of  the  great  lawyers  in  this  body.  He 
served  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary, 
whose  membership  was  peculiarly  distinguished  for  ability 
and  learning.  There  were  on  that  committee  Senators 
of  much  larger  experience,  of  fuller  knowledge  of  some 
branches  of  the  law,  but  none  with  finer  power  of  generali 
zation  or  more  rapid  and  accurate  analysis.  Had  it  been 
his  lot  to  pursue  the  practice  of  his  profession  it  can  not  be 
doubted  that  he  would  have  won  great  fame  as  a  lawyer. 

He  was  in  every  way  a  marked  man,  tall,  slender,  erect; 
with  keen,  piercing  eyes,  great  dignity  of  bearing,  and  face 
evidencing  strength  of  mind  and  character.  He  would  inev 
itably  attract  instant  attention  in  any  assemblage. 

He  was,  as  has  been  said,  a  great  orator.  During  his 
term  of  service  there  were  many  great  orators  in  this  body 
whose  names  need  not  be  mentioned  to  be  brought  to  mind. 
INGALLS  was  unlike  any  of  them,  but  inferior  to  none  of 
them.  Mr.  Vest,  of  Missouri,  who  not  long  ago  was  laid 
to  rest,  was  one  of  the  most  enchanting  orators  to  whom 
I  ever  listened.  Senator  IXGAU.S  was  utterly  unlike  him, 
but  of  wonderful  gifts  and  power.  In  oratory,  as  in  liter 
ary  style,  he  was,  as  has  been  said  by  the  Senator  from 
Connecticut  [Mr.  Platt]  unique.  It  was  not  the  beauty  of 
his  diction — and  that  was  unsurpassed — nor  was  it  the 
charm  or  quality  of  his  voice,  and  yet  that  was  rare.  It 
was  a  combination  of  qualities  and  gifts  altogether  peculiar 
to  himself.  Epigram,  wit,  humor,  logic,  sarcasm,  invective, 
philosophy,  and  a  rich  knowledge  of  the  classics,  ancient 
and  modern,  were  obedient  to  his  will  and  at  his  instant 


38  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

command.  He  spoke  without  effort,  and  his  natural  tones 
could  be  heard  distinctly  throughout  the  Chamber.  It  has 
been  truthfully  said  that  when  it  was  known  that  he  was  to 
address  the  Senate  the  galleries  were  filled,  every  Senator 
was  in  his  seat,  troops  of  Members  came  from  the  other 
body,  and  it  may  be  added  that  the  corridors  were  filled 
with  people  vainly  seeking  admission.  There  has  been  in 
my  day  here  no  Senator  to  whose  speeches  there  came  such 
throngs  to  listen  as  to  those  of  Senator  INGALLS. 

He  was  a  great  debater.  He  would  prepare  addresses 
difficult  for  anyone  to  equal,  quite  impossible  in  many  ways 
for  anyone  to  surpass,  but  in  the  current  debates  of  this 
body,  speaking  often  upon  the  spur  of  the  moment,  he  was 
one  of  the  most  resourceful,  ready,  incisive,  and  dangerous 
of  antagonists. 

No  one  is  at  liberty  to  doubt,  from  his  incursions  into  the 
fields  of  literature  and  poetry  in  the  intervals  of  exacting 
public  work,  that  had  he  devoted  his  life  to  literature  he 
would  have  achieved  a  world-wide  renown. 

With  all  his  brilliancy  of  thought  and  speech  it  ought, 
in  justice  to  his  memory,  to  be  said  of  him — and  in  the  last 
analysis  no  greater  praise  can  be  bestowed  upon  anyone 
in  public  life — that  he  was  essentially  a  faithful  and  labori 
ous  public  servant.  He  carried  with  him  always  a  sense 
of  responsibility,  and  in  the  great  mass  of  duties,  large  and 
small,  he  worked  with  unremitting  assiduity.  He  was 
always  prompt  in  his  attendance  upon  the  committees, 
ready  to  report  with  rare  intelligence  upon  the  subjects 
committed  to  his  charge.  He  gave  attention  to  the  bills 
upon  the  Calendar  from  day  to  day,  and  the  records  of  the 


Jo/in  James  Ingalls.  39 

Senate  during  the  years  of  his  service  will  bear  abundant 
testimony  that  he  was  neither  complaisant  nor  inattentive 
in  discharging  the  varied  duties  of  his  great  office. 

His  interest  in  the  growth,  development,  and  adornment 
of  this  capital  was  intense,  and  if  it  shall  reach  the  stand 
ard  which  he  conceived  and  toward  which  he  toiled  the 
people  of  this  Republic  may  be  well  content. 

I  doubt  if  there  ever  was  a  better  presiding  officer. 
Certainly  I  have  not  seen  one. 

He  seemed  to  me  always  to  have  great  power  in  reserve, 
and  when  he  had  delivered  a  speech  here,  without  apparent 
effort,  enchaining  the  attention  of  the  great  audience  and 
eagerly  read  throughout  the  country,  I  was  always  im 
pressed  with  his  power  to  eclipse  it  without  difficulty, 
should  exigency  demand  it. 

With  all  his  power  of  sarcasm,  invective,  and  vigor  in 
debate  he  was,  in  his  daily  intercourse,  in  his  friendship, 
and  in  the  quiet  atmosphere  of  his  home,  genial  and 
charming. 

In  one  of  those  strange  periods  of  popular  aberration 
which  come  and  go  Kansas  extinguished  the  brilliant 
light  in  this  Chamber  which  had  made  and  kept  her 
name  shining  in  the  list  of  American  Commonwealths, 
and  put  another  in  his  place.  Next  to  the  devoted  wife 
who  presided  over  his  home  and  the  children  who  adorned 
it,  he  loved  Kansas  and  her  people.  That  the  withdrawal 
of  her  favor  stung  and  wounded  his  proud  spirit  no  one 
may  doubt,  but  he  went  his  way  into  retirement  and  gave 
no  sign  of  pain.  Doubtless  he  thought,  with  Chatfield: 

Popularity  is  like  the  brightness  of  a  falling  star,  the  fleeting  splendor 
of  a  rainbow,  the  bubble  that  is  sure  to  burst  by  its  very  inflation. 


40  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

Kansas  has  come  into  her  own  again,  and  the  IXGALLS 
whom  she  discarded  is  again  the  ING  ALLS  whom  she 
idolizes. 

And  now,  Mr.  President,  the  great  Commonwealth  of 
his  adoption  and  affection  by  solemn  act  places  in  Statu 
ary  Hall,  to  stand  forever  under  the  Dome  of  the  Capitol 
in  which  his  long  and  brilliant  service  for  her  and  for 
the  country  brought  imperishable  glory  to  her  name,  the 
chiseled  form  and  features  of  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS.  She 
does  not  by  so  doing  add  to  his  fame.  What  he  did  and 
said  here  in  her  service  fixed  for  all  time  his  fame  as  a 
scholar,  lawyer,  orator,  statesman;  but  Kansas  has  done 
him  justice,  and  Kansas  in  doing  him  justice  has  done 
honor  to  herself.  Kansas  is  a  great  Commonwealth.  No 
one  ma}'  safely  set  limit  upon  the  possibilities  of  her 
future.  She  has  sent  and  will  send  here  other  statesmen 
of  ability,  eloquence,  and  fidelity;  but  it  is  no  disparage 
ment  to  any  one  of  them  to  say  that  among  them  all 
there  will  not  come  again  from  Kansas  into  this  Chamber 
another  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS. 

I  am  grateful  for  the  opportunity  which  the  great 
Commonwealth  of  Kansas  has  afforded  me  to  vote  for 
the  acceptance  of  this  her  first  contribution  to  Statuary 
Hall.  I  wish,  Mr.  President,  I  might  have  more  fitly 
spoken  of  him  and  his  career. 


John  James  Ingalls,  41 


Address  of  Mr.  Daniel,  of  Virginia 

Mr.  PRESIDENT:  Rising  to  take  a  small  part,  and,  as  I 
regret  to  say,  a  hasty  and  imperfect  part  in  the  interesting 
ceremonies  which  are  about  to  be  concluded,  there  comes 
to  my  mind  the  vivid  expression  of  a  distinguished  Ameri 
can  statesman  and  Senator,  Voorhees,  who  was  once  our 
honored  colleague  upon  this  floor.  He  said  of  onr  country 
that  u  we  live  in  a  land  of  brief  antiquity."  Hut  yesterday, 
as  it  seems  to  many  who  are  yet  occupants  of  seats  in  this 
Chamber,  there  sat  the  form  of  John  K.  Kenna,  of  West 
Virginia  [indicating],  and  there  sat  JOHN  J.  IXGALLS,  of 
Kansas  [indicating].  Already,  while  we  are  yet  sharing 
together  the  labors  of  this  Chamber,  they  have  been  trans 
lated  as  permanent  Senators  in  that  republic  of  reminis 
cence  of  our  national  history  which  we  call  Statuary  Hall. 

It  knew  well  the  Senator  whose  figure  in  white  and 
marble  will  there  stand  while  the  generations  come  and  go. 
I  knew  him  in  his  home,  which  was  the  shrine  of  his 
affections,  and  shared  its  hospitality,  and  there  he  was 
most  honored  and  beloved.  A  lovable  man  who  loved 
him  said:  "His  wife  and  his  children  were  the  lights  of 
his  life  and  he  was  theirs."  I  knew  him  as  chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  of  which  for 
years  I  was  a  member.  I  saw  his  patience  in  counsel.  I 
witnessed  the  care  with  which  he  administered  his  office, 
and  I  never  found  him  otherwise  than  what  his  high  duties 
called  for  him  to  be. 


42  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

I  knew  him,  like  all  his  colleagues,  as  presiding  officer 
of  this  Chamber.  In  that  character  he  showed  himself  to 
be  one  of  the  most  accomplished  parliamentarians  who  ever 
presided  over  a  deliberative  body  in  our  country.  He  was 
learned;  he  was  alert;  he  was  prompt;  he  was  decisive; 
and  to  the  various  virtues  in  the  discharge  of  those  duties 
there  is  justly  added  the  crown  that  he  was  fair.  I  knew 
him  amidst  the  tumults  of  debates  in  this  Chamber ;  and 
those  who  knew  him  realize  that  Kansas  has  been  just  in 
her  selection  of  him  as  the  one  whose  statue  should  stand 
forever  in  our  Capitol. 

The  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States, 
and  the  Members  of  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives,  are  the  only  public  officials  in  the  United  States 
who  are  chosen,  directly  or  indirectly,  by  its  people.  All 
of  our  vast  corps  of  public  servants,  whether  of  the  Army, 
the  Navy,  the  judiciary,  or  the  Executive  Departments  are 
chosen  by  the  Executive  head  of  our  Government  or  his 
subordinates,  and  the  Members  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  are  the  sole  participants  in  public  power  who 
are  chosen  by  direct  vote  of  the  people.  It  is  by  such  a 
system  that  the  American  people  have  established  and  so 
far  have  successfully  conducted  the  Republic,  their  voice 
percolating  through  their  chosen  agents.  In  this  body, 
where  two  Senators  represent  each  State  without  regard  to 
the  diversities  of  population,  of  wealth,  of  area,  of  educa 
tion  or  of  race,  without  indeed  regard  to  anything  save 
that  it  is  that  composite  entity  which  we  call  a  State,  we 
behold  a  species  of  representative  government  which  was 
without  precedent  in  ancient  days,  and  seems  to  have 


John  James  Ingalls.  43 

furnished  a  model  which  has  attracted  the  admiration  and 
imitation  of  other  peoples,  and  is  likely  to  be  copied  in 
the  political  transformations  which  await  the  world. 

Our  own  Constitution  seems  to  have  furnished  the  ideal 
of  the  Statuary  Hall  in  this  Capitol,  and  the  Senate  seems 
to  have  supplied  the  model,  for  there  are  to  stand  the 
images  of  two  citizens  of  each  State,  and  the  State  itself 
is  to  choose  them. 

The  act  which  provided  for  Statuary  Hall  was  enacted 
during  the  civil  war,  and  the  Hon.  Justin  S.  Morrill,  of 
Vermont,  was  its  author.  Though  the  smoke  of  battle 
then  beclouded  the  heavens  and  the  thunder  of  contending 
armies  was  borne  upon  every  breeze,  a  coming  time  he  saw 
in  the  vision  of  his  dreams  when  all  the  people  of  this 
nation  would  dwell  in  amity  again  under  the  old  rooftree, 
and  he  anticipated  it  in  his  forecast  of  a  representative  hall 
that  would  contain  the  statues  of  their  chosen  leaders. 
The  President  of  the  United  States  was  authorized  to 
invite  and  has  invited  all  the  States  to  furnish  them. 
They  must  be  of  men  who  have  finished  their  earthly 
course,  and  if  the  Greek  were  apt  in  the  exclamation  "call 
no  man  happy  until  he  dies,"  surely  also  was  the  drafts 
man  apt  in  conferring  such  honors  upon  those  who  have 
passed  beyond  the  shadows  of  life's  struggles,  and  beyond 
the  travail  of  envy,  hatred,  malice,  and  all  uncharitableness. 

The  statues  must  be  "of  marble  or  bronze."  Thus  was 
manifested  the  intent  to  assure  to  them  whatever  of  proof 
against  the  "  cankering  tooth  of  time "  that  man  may 
impart  to  his  fabrications.  They  must  be  of  citizens  of 
the  vState  that  furnished  them  who  were  "illustrious  for 


44  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

their  historic  renown  or  for  distinguished  civic  or  military 
services,"  and  they  imist  be  such  as  each  State  "  may  deem 
to  be  worthy  of  such  national  commemoration." 

The  State  of  Kansas,  the  thirty-fifth  of  the  American 
Commonwealths  to  enter  the  Federal  Union,  has  furnished 
the  statue  in  white  marble  of  her  favored  and  honored  son, 
JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS.  It  has  been  erected  in  Statuary 
Hall,  and  there  will  abide  until  time  shall  make  those 
changes  which  we  can  not  now  even  take  into  our 
imagination. 

That  State  was  a  child  of  revolution.  It  was  admitted 
to  the  Union  January  29,  1861,  while  the  sections  were 
forming  in  the  ranks  of  a  prolonged  and  deadly  strife. 

JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS  wras  also  a  child  of  revolution. 
A  stripling  youth  of  Massachusetts,  he  had  entered  Kansas 
in  1858  when  that  Territory  was  filling  up  with  the  com 
bustible  elements  of  internecine  intestine  war  over  the 
slavery  question.  That  abnormal  question  was  under  con 
ditions  that  had  never  before  arrested  the  progress  of  our 
race  and  it  lay  athwart  the  march  of  the  American  Republic. 
It  presented  issues  which  our  people  had  never  before  dealt 
with  and  which  it  was  a  puzzle  to  them  how  to  deal  with. 
It  is  not  my  purpose  to  refer  to  it  further  than  to  relate 
the  fact  in  this  discussion,  when  now,  happily,  it  has  passed 
away. 

It  is  not  expected  of  me,  nor  is  it  my  part,  to  eulogize 
the  whole  of  the  political  career  of  Senator  INGALLS.  It 
ivas  in  large  measure  antipodal  to  what  I  believe  in  and 
to  what  I  stood  for. 


John  James  Ingalls.  45 

But  this  does  not  withhold  from  me  an  expression  of 
sincere  respect  and  honor  for  many  traits  that  he  exhibited. 
He  stood  erect  in  the  field  of  his  conflicts.  He  was  no 
crawling  or  creeping  thing.  He  spoke  with  no  forked 
tongue.  He  could  always  be  found.  If  he  gave  blows 
he  flinched  not  from  receiving  them.  Many  of  his  utter 
ances  were  offensive  to  many,  and  offensive  to  me,  and 
appeared  to  me  to  be  extravagant,  but  men  who  wrestle 
in  the  fierce  conflicts  of  life  are  not  men  to  feel  vindictive- 
ness,  and  I  feel  none  to  him.  Such  facts,  I  hope,  may 
never  blind  me  to  jnst  and  honorable  recognition  of  courage, 
of  skill,  of  genius,  of  patriotic  aspiration  and  service  by 
whomsoever  displayed;  and  I  recogni/.e  the  fact  that  all 
of  these  virtues  were  conspicuously  and  notably  displayed 
in  him. 

I  believe  that  from  his  youth  upward  he  followed  the 
thread  of  the  stream  of  his  convictions,  and  though  the 
waters  flashed  and  foamed  around  him,  and  sometimes 
seemed  to  those  who  observed  him  to  overrun  the  bank, 
who  is  there  who  has  struggled  in  great  conflicts  and  dealt 
with  multitudes  moved  by  great  passions  who  has  not 
himself  been  subject  to  some  such  animadversion  as  might 
be  made  of  him? 

Senator  INGALLS  was  a  high-strung  man.  He  possessed 
the  nervous,  romantic,  poetic,  and  artistic  temperament. 
He  was  inte'nse,  and  he  was  highly  artistic.  He  was  a 
student  of  words  and  learned  to  use  them  in  all  the  delicate 
and  deep-dyed  hues  of  expression.  There  was  a  vein  of 
rich  genius  in  him.  Men  of  this  order  carry  their  thoughts 


46  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

to  the  furthest  limit.  Instinctively  they  plan  for  effect, 
and,  like  the  general  in  battle,  they  plan  for  instant  effect. 
If  in  our  own  sedate  and  calm  moments  they  seem  in  their 
expressions  to  be  overwrought,  let  us  not  judge,  lest  we 
ourselves  be  judged,  for  it  is  for  us  to  remember  that  it 
was  not  in  calm  and  sedate  times  nor  in  calm  and  sedate 
moments  that  these  words  were  uttered,  but  under  the 
stirring  and  momentous  spell  of  great  events  and  of  moving 
passions. 

The  reasons  for  the  choice  of  Senator  INGALLS  for  the 
Statuary  Hall  are  not  occult.  He  was  the  incarnation  of 
the  thought  and  the  spirit  of  the  Kansas  people.  He  was 
also  the  incarnation  of  the  thought  and  spirit  of  the  great 
majority  of  the  American  people  of  his  time.  But  he  was 
a  Kansan,  one  of  the  people,  in  every  fiber  of  his  being. 
He  was  no  light  conformist  to  the  creeds  that  they  pro 
fessed  and  which  he  professed.  He  believed  in  them  and 
they  possessed  him.  It  wras  through  these  creeds  and  in 
them  that  he  became  a  leader  of  the  people,  and  it  was  in 
defending  them  that  he  rose  justly  to  public  honors  and 
won  justly  public  distinction  and  favor. 

We  find  many  men  who  are  able  with  the  pen  and  who 
make  great  writers.  We  find  many  men  who  are  able  in 
speech  and  who  make  great  speakers.  I  believe  our  country 
has  more  of  both  classes  of  this  order  of  men  than  any 
nation  that  ever  existed,  and  the  fact  is  attributable  to  the 
freedom  of  discussion  that  has  existed  from  the  beginning 
of  the  Republic  and  the  further  fact  that  all  questions  here 
which  touch  the  interest  of  the  public  weal  are  quickly 
translated  to  the  forum  of  political  agitation,  and  find  there 


John  James  Ingalls.  47 

their  ultimate  solution  at  the  polls.  But  we  do  not  find 
many  men,  Mr.  President,  who  are  equally  capable  with 
tongue  and  pen.  Thomas  Jefferson  wrote  ably  essays, 
history,  scientific  or  philosophic  commentary,  but  he  never 
made  a  speech.  It  was  said  of  Goldsmith  that  he  "  wrote 
like  an  angel,  but  talked  like  poor  Poll." 

JOHN  JAMES  IXGALLS,  of  Kansas,  had  the  double  faculty. 
He  could  write  neatly,  patly,  pithily,  and  to  the  point.  He 
aimed  directly  at  his  mark.  When  he  spoke  or  when  he- 
wrote  he  engaged  attention  from  the  start  by  some  virile 
and  pertinent  utterance,  and  kept  it  to  the  end  by  compact, 
salient,  and  thought-laden  expression.  Always  aggressive, 
he  had  the  instinct  attributed  to  Rufus  Choate  of  aiming 
at  the  jugular  vein  of  his  adversary.  Had  he  given  his 
life,  as  did  Mr.  Greeley,  to  the  editor's  desk  he  would  have 
been  one  of  the  most  famous  editors  of  his  time.  As  an 
orator  and  as  a  debater  here  he  stood  easily  in  the  front 
rank,  and  he  vaulted  to  that  rank  from  the  time  that  he 
entered  public  life.  Xo  doubt  his  habit  of  writing  made 
him  the  accurate  man  and  clarified  his  expression;  but  he 
did  not  as  was  said  of  Edmund  Burke,  speak  essays.  He 
spoke  speeches.  They  were  speeches  addressed  to  that 
audience  which  was  before  him,  to  that  topic  which  he  was 
discussing,  and  framed  according  to  an  artistic  recognition 
of  the  situation  with  which  he  dealt  and  of  the  best  methods 
of  dealing  with  it. 

While  I  say  this,  it  is  also  true  that  many  of  his  addresses 
glisten  with  gems  of  philosophic  thought,  which  are  per 
manent  contributions  to  the  literature  and  wisdom  of  man, 
but  as  a  rule  it  was  "the  pending  question"  that  he  dealt 


48  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

with  and  to  which  he  brought  the  fruits  of  his  genius  and 
of  his  reflection. 

The  Roman  said:  "Tempora  mutantur,  et  nos  mutamur 
in  illis."  "Times  change  and  we  change  with  them." 
Some  apply  the  sentence  as  a  saturnine  fling  at  changes 
of  human  opinion.  It  is  in  reality  a  simple  statement  of 
scientific  and  historic  fact  known  to  the  meaning  of  our 
great  poet  and  delineator  of  mankind,  who  says: 
\Ve  know  what  we  are,  but  know  not  what  we  may  be. 

Nothing  is  unchangeable  but  change.  That  goes  on 
with  ceaseless  pace,  with  every  beat  of  the  heart,  with 
every  tick  of  time,  having  for  its  goal,  as  the  hope  within 
our  breast  aspires,  "  that  one  far-off  divine  event  to  which 
the  whole  creation  moves."  It  would  be  a  paradox  if  man, 
changing  his  form,  his  attitude,  his  relations,  his  environ 
ments,  his  feelings,  and  his  thoughts  during  every  instant 
of  his  being,  could  not  properly  change  his  convictions 
and  his  actions.  Were  a  decree  issued  against  such  change 
it  would  freeze  and  annihilate  every  germ  of  growth,  of 
progress,  and  of  improvement,  and  the  world  would  be 
a  stagnant  lump  of  inanity. 

There  is  but  one  thing  to  which  man  can  be  ancestral, 
and  that  thing  is  his  connection  of  duty  as  God  hath  given 
it  to  him  to  see  that  duty,  and  the  enlightened  mind  will 
always  be  just  to  the  honest  character  that  follows  that 
standard,  no  matter  into  what  difference  or  antagonism  it 
leads. 

While  I  render  sincere  tribute  to  Senator  INGALLS  in 
matters  where  he  and  I  were  as  far  apart  as  the  poles,  it  is 
a  comfort  to  my  feelings  and  it  kindles  the  grateful  senses 


John  Janic's  Ingal/s.  49 

of  my  heart  to  recall  that  at  a  crisis  when,  as  we  of  the 
South  thought,  our  dearest  rights  were  menaced  and  civil 
war  was  foreboded  to  our  people  he  acted  manfully  to  avert 
that  crisis  by  an  independent  course  of  conduct  which 
bespoke  stern  stuff  in  his  composition  and  a  broad  patriot 
ism  in  his  spirit.  I  also  recall  with  similar  sentiments 
the  fact  that  two  of  his  most  impressive  and  memorable 
orations  were  delivered  in  this  Chamber  on  the  lives  and 
characters  of  two  eminent  Southern  statesmen  who  were 
opposed  to  him  on  great  conjunctures  and  for  many  years. 

I  lay  at  his  feet  to-day  the  evergreen  of  gratitude,  and  he 
who  has  it  not  for  a  brave  and  generous  deed  has  nothing. 

Mr.  President,  I  have  regretted  that  the  exactions  of  our 
occupations  here  have  not  permitted  me  to  emulate  the 
chaste  and  eloquent  address  of  the  Senator  from  Kansas,  who 
presented  the  statue,  and  of  my  predecessors  on  receiving  it. 

I  shall  bring  my  remarks  to  a  close,  and,  in  doing  so, 
permit  me  to  quote  a  few  sentences  of  the  distinguished 
man  to  whom  we  pay  honor: 

There  can  be  no  step  backward. 

It  is  idle  to  quarrel  with  the  inevitable. 

What  has  been  done  we  can  not  undo. 

Statesmanship  has  no  concern  with  the  past  except  to  learn  its  lessons. 

Recrimination  and  hostile  criticism  are  worse  than  useless. 

This  is  the  concrete  essence  of  wisdom. 
Again  he  says: 

Society  is  reenforced  from  the  bottom  and  not  from  the  top.  Families 
die  out.  Fortunes  are  dispersed.  The  recruits  come  from  the  farm,  the 
forge,  and  the  workshop,  and  not  from  the  club  and  the  palace.  Those 
who  will  control  the  destinies  of  the  twentieth  century  are  now  boys 
wearing  homespun  and  "hand-me-downs,"  and  not  the  gilded  youth, 
clad  ill  puqile  and  fine  linen  and  faring  sumptuously  ever}'  day. 

17102—05 4 


50  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

INGALLS  was  himself  a  notable  illustration  of  the  young 
and  aspiring-  American,  who,  filled  with  the  spirit  of 
adventure  and  high  ambition,  rises  to  the  front  of  under 
takings  and  soon  achieves  his  way  to  the  front  of  accom 
plishment.  Some,  seeing  the  immensity  of  wealth  and 
power,  grow  depressed  as  to  the  future.  Such  an  example 
as  his  is  the  kind  of  example  to  keep  forever  before  the 
youths  of  our  country,  and  if  the  silent  lips  of  the  image 
which  now  stands  in  the  Capitol  shall  bear  fruitfully 
this  message  from  Statuary  Hall  to  the  days  that  are  to 
come,  they  will  blossom  in  deeds  which  are  worth}'  of 
our  previous  history  and  may  dissipate  any  cloud  that 
may  gather  on  our  horizon.  Let  it  go  forth  to  all  the 
brave  youth  of  America  and  stir  their  breasts  to  high 
endeavor.  In  America  -let  iis  not  forget  that  every  day 
is  "  opportunity,"  and  the  mettled  horse  for  him  who 
can  ride  him  stands  here  always  saddled  at  the  door. 

The  PRESIDENT  pro  tempore.  The  question  is  on  the 
adoption  of  the  concurrent  resolution  submitted  by  the 
Senator  from  Kansas  [Mr.  Long] . 

The  concurrent  resolution  was  unanimously  agreed  to. 


John  J a  nics  lug  a  I  Is.  51 


Proceedings  in  the  House  of  Representatives 

<£? 

DECEMBER  16,  1904. 

Mr.  CURTIS.  Mr.  Speaker,  I  offer  the  following  reso 
lution,  and  ask  unanimous  consent  for  its  present  con 
sideration. 

The  Clerk  read  as  follows: 

Repaired,  That  the  exercises  appropriate  to  the  reception  and  accept 
ance  from  the  State  of  Kansas  of  the  statue  of  JOHN  J.  INC.ALI.S, 
erected  in  the  old  Hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  be  made  the 
special  order  for  Saturday,  January  21,  190,5,  at  3.30  o'clock  p.  in. 

The  SPEAKER.      Is  there  objection   to  the  present  con 
sideration?      [After  a  pause.]      The  Chair  hears  none. 
The  question  was  taken,  and  the  resolution  was  agreed  to. 

JANTARY  21,   1905. 

Mr.  Ci'RTis.  Mr.  Speaker,  I  call  up  the  resolution 
which  I  send  to  the  Clerk's  desk,  and  ask  unanimous 
consent  to  proceed  with  its  consideration  at  this  time, 
instead  of  waiting  until  3  o'clock. 

The  SPEAKER.  The  gentleman  calls  up  a  resolution 
which  will  be  reported  by  the  Clerk,  and  asks  unanimous 
consent  to  proceed  under  it  at  this  time. 

The  Clerk  read  as  follows: 

Resolved,  That  the  exercises  appropriate  to  the  reception  and  accept 
ance  from  the  State  of  Kansas  of  the  statue  of  JOHN  J.  INGAI.I.S, 
erected  in  the  old  Hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  he  made  the 
special  order  for  Saturday,  January  21,  1905,  at  3.30  p.  in. 


52  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

The  SPEAKER.    Is  there  objection? 

There  was  no  objection. 

Accordingly,  the  House  proceeded  with  the  exercises 
appropriate  to  the  reception  and  acceptance  from  the  State 
of  Kansas  of  the  statue  of  JOHN  J.  INGALLS,  erected  in  the 
old  Hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  with  Mr. 
Reeder  in  the  chair  as  Speaker  pro  tempore. 

Mr.  CURTIS.  Mr.  Speaker,  I  ask  for  the  reading  of  the 
letter  which  I  send  to  the  Clerk's  desk. 

The  Clerk  read  as  follows: 

STATE  OF  KANSAS,  EXECUTIVE  DEPARTMENT, 

Topeka,  January  //,  /poj. 
To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  Washington,  J).  C.: 

Among  the  many  distinguished  men  whose  fame  has  honored  the  State 
of  Kansas  the  life  of  no  one  has  added  greater  luster  to  its  history  thau 
the  life  of  JOHN  JAMES  INGAI^S.  His  name  is  indelibly  inscribed  upon 
the  most  brilliant  pages  of  the  State's  history.  Grateful  for  his  eminent 
services  and  proud  of  his  great  achievements,  the  State  legislature  two 
years  ago  made  an  appropriation  for  the  purchase  of  a  suitable  statue  as 
a  tribute  to  his  memory,  to  be  reared  in  Statuary  Hall,  where  Congress 
conferred  upon  his  people  the  rare  honor  of  providing  a  place  for  it.  This 
beautiful  and  precious  piece  of  statuary  is  now  ready  for  formal  acceptance 
by  the  Government,  and  in  behalf  of  the  legislature  of  Kansas  and  of  the 
people  they  and  I  represent,  I  have  the  great  honor  and  pleasure  of  pre 
senting  it  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  and  their  representatives  in 
Congress  assembled. 

[SEAT,.]  E.  W.  HOCH,  Governor. 


John  James  Ingalls.  53 


Address  of  Mr.  Curtis,  of  Kansas 

Mr.  SPKAKKR:  By  an  act  passed  in  1864,  now  forty  years 
ago,  the  Congress  dedicated  a  portion  of  this  great  building 
to  the  commemoration  by  all  the  vStates  of  the  Union  of 
their  illustrious  dead.  It  was  given  to  those  States  to 
choose  for  themselves  the  sons  whom  each  one  would 
honor.  The  chosen  names  must  be  so  few  that  time  and 
careful  choice  should  be  absolutely  necessary.  The  honor 
done  is  very  great,  for  this  American  Valhalla  is  not  the 
hall  of  resdstrv  for  an  indiscriminate  fame.  He  whose 

<*»  J 

statue  stands  here  for  the  men  and  women  and  little 
children  of  generations  yet  unborn  to  gaze  upon  may  have 
been  a  man  distinguished  in  a  national  sense,  and  be 
honored  elsewhere,  and  also  as  one  whose  deeds  were  great 
in  the  widest  field  that  is  offered  to  the  work  of  human 
brain  and  heart  and  hand. 

But  he  who  stands  in  bronze  or  marble  here  must  also 
have  had  an  additional  and  a  rarer  distinction,  for  he  must 
have  been  honored,  respected,  perhaps  even  deeply  loved, 
by  the  people  of  his  own  State;  by  those  who  in  his 
time  and  their  time  knew  him  intimately  and  well  with 
all  his  sins  upon  him.  It  is  an  honor  for  which  any 
American,  could  he  but  know,  might  strive  and  starve  his 
whole  life  through,  careless  utterly  of  any  other  reward 
the  sum  of  his  life  might  bring.  For  here  at  last  is 
parted  the  wheat  from  the  chaff  and  the  dross  from  the 


54  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

fine  gold,  and  here  stand  in  their  last  array  those  whose 
names  have  survived  the  winnowing  of  the  gods. 

The  States  that  confer  such  final  honors  upon  their 
sons  are  capable  of  bestowing  gifts  of  the  supremest  value. 
For  each  one  that  is  now  a  star  in  the  galaxy  the  most 
brilliant  the  genius  of  free  men  has  ever  created  was  in 
its  da\-  wrested  from  its  primeval  owners;  carved  out  of 
woods  and  swamp  and  prairie ;  clad  in  the  swaddling 
clothes  of  a  written  constitution  by  toil-worn  hands ;  and 
set  at  last  amid  its  shining  sisters  by  the  courage,  the 
unrequited  toils,  and  the  unknown  privations  of  those 
Americans  who  lived  not  for  themselves  alone,  and  who 
died  unsung  amid  their  might}-  tasks.  Their  leaders — 
for  there  are  always  leaders — were  centurions,  captains  of 
their  hundreds,  whose  heads  and  hearts  and  dearest  hopes 
went  to  the  doing  of  the  immediate  tasks  they  saw  around 
and  before  them.  These  men  never  dreamed  of  gratitude, 
never  worked  for  a  reward,  never  thought  of  the  recom 
pense  of  fame.  Peace  to  their  ashes  where  they  sleep  on 
green  hillsides  in  unknown  graves  in  every  State.  Un 
heralded  they  came  and  unrewarded  they  have  passed 
away,  living  now  in  the  blood  and  courage  of  their  sons 
and  daughters,  spent  in  fields  that  lie  still  nearer  to  the 
setting  sun. 

Such  a  Commonwealth  was  earl}-  Kansas,  with  such 
beginnings  and  such  men,  but  set  apart  and  made 
remarkable  by  still  other  characteristics.  Among  all  the 
States  she  was,  even  physically,  the  pioneer  of  a  class, 
a  peculiar  kind  hitherto  unknown  to  American  enter 
prise.  For  she  was  of  the  plains,  and  her  boundaries  as 
a  Territory  placed  her  on  the  crest  of  that  vast  expanse 


John  James  Ingalls.  55 

where  a  thousand  swelling  hills  climbed  higher  and 
higher  against  the  western  sky  until  they  reached,  4,000 
feet  above  sea  level,  the  mighty  escarpments  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains.  Tradition  said  that  such  a  laud  was 
never  intended  for  the  residence  of  white  men.  There 
were  no  forests  to  cut  away.  The  streams  drawled  idly 
over  leagues  of  sand.  The  winds  came  hot  and  strong 
from  the  endless  reaches  of  the  Great  Staked  Plains.  ( )ver 
the  grassy  leagues  wandered  countless  hosts  of  shaggy 
beasts,  put  there  by  the  beneficence  of  the  red  man's 
Providence  for  the  sustenance  of  these  his  children. 
For  this  silent  and  grassy  realm  the  white  man's  utter 
most  eastern  boundary  was  the  ashen  river  that  had 
been  traversed  by  all  the  pioneers  of  a  still  older  time, 
but  on  whose  western  bank  they  had  never  found  a 
resting  place,  and  beyond  which  there  had  never  lin 
gered  a  dream  of  that  empire  which  u  westward  takes 
its  way." 

Such  was  the  State  of  Kansas  only  fifty  years  ago. 
The  white  men  who  came  to  her  then  came  as  those 
do  who  build  their  hopes  and  guide  their  lives  upon 
something  that  lies  deeper  than  human  prescience,  and 
who  are  led  to  their  destiny  or  their  doom  by  the  will 
of  God. 

So  -  the  beginnings  of  all  there  is  to-day  in  a  region 
apparently  foreordained,  if  ordained  at  all,  to  be  the  nurse 
of  human  fatuity  and  useless  toil,  came  in  1858,  now  about 
forty-seven  years  ago,  a  young  man  whose  name  was  JOHN 
JAMES  INGALLS.  He  was  25  years  old,  unattached,  a  col 
lege  graduate,  a  lawyer  by  preparation  and  intention,  culti- 
tivated,  acute,  highly  intelligent,  and  withal  young,  slender, 


56  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

and  personally  attractive.  He  was  an  adventurer  in  a  field 
where  it  would  seem  that  every  item  of  the  situation  was 
against  the  possibility  of  final  success  for  such  as  he.  The 
village  of  Lawrence,  founded  by  his  countrymen,  had  not 
then  entered  upon  its  career  as  the  "historic  city"  further 
than  that  it  was  already  the  center  of  the  free-state  thought 
and  struggle,  and  that  its  citizens  were  even  then  doing 
those  things  that  drew  upon  them  the  flame  and  slaughter 
that  came  a  few  years  later. 

Atchison,  INGAIXS'S  later  home,  was  a  small  town  behind 
a  steamboat  landing  in  the  Missouri.  Only  three  years 
before  had  been  driven  on  the  bare  and  sterile  hill  above 
the  Kaw  the  stakes  that  marked  the  outlines  of  the  town 
that  was  later  to  become  the  Kansas  capital.  And  beyond 
it  as  far  to  the  unknown  southwest  as  the  pioneer  hopes 
extended,  there  was  not  a  single  upland  farm,  while  less 
than  a  hundred  miles  to  the  westward  still  wandered  the 
shaggy  brown  herds  whose  empire  all  the  land  had  been 
from  time  immemorial. 

Where  was  there  here  a  scholar's  career  or  a  statesman's 
field  ?  Yet  it  all  came  to  this  young  man  in  the  space  of 
the  few  years  that  followed.  The  voting  man  with  his 
inherited  culture,  his  refined  and  educated  tastes,  stood 
apparently  unarmed  and  alone  amid  incongruous  surround 
ings.  Yet  the  first  thing  he  did  was  to  acquire  a  love  for 
his  adopted  mother,  and  to  become  inspired  by  the  far 
horizon.  He  had  a  keen  delight  in  freshness  of  the 
untainted  air,  in  the  boundlessness  of  the  view,  in  the 
azure  of  the  arching  dome,  -in  the  length  and  breadth 
of  the  magnificent  expanse.  That  this  was  true  became 


John  James  lug  alls.  57 

evident  a  little  later  in  IXGALLS'S  life,  when  on  the  printed 
page  he  recalled  the  days  of  Regis  Loisel  and  drew  with 
a  poet's  hand  the  surroundings  of  his  daily  life  under  the 
familiar  term  of  u  Blue  Grass." 

If  I  have  said  that  this  young  New  Englander  stood 
in  early  Kansas  unarmed  and  alone  amid  incongruous 
surroundings,  I  beg  to  modify  the  statement.  INC, ALLS 
was  always  armed.  Xo  man  ever  encountered  him 
unready,  and  no  antagonist  ever  retired  from  the  arena 
of  combat  with  him  unwounded  and  victorious.  It  was 
the  first  leading  quality  of  him  that  was  noted  by  his 
fellow-men  as  they  successively  came  in  contact  with  him 
in  those  wars  of  words  and  ideas  that  in  a  free  country 
finally  fix  the  beliefs  and  principles  of  mankind.  It  was 
as  well  the  quality  oftenest  misunderstood,  oftenest  mis 
construed  into  a  mere  power  of  invective,  almost  diabol 
ical  in  its  scope,  and  that  attacked  any  and  all  men, 
everywhere.  Those  who  knew  IXGALLS  longest  will 
probably  all  agree  that  no  honestly  mistaken  man  ever 
felt  the  sting  of  that  smooth  and  courteous  invective.  It 
was,  on  the  other  hand,  the  weapon  with  which  a  fight 
ing  man  in  a  fighting  age,  in  the  seething  whirlpool 
of  formative  politics,  must  win  his  way.  IXGALLS  and 
his  antagonist  in  the  arena  must  always  have  reminded 
the  onlooker  of  the  scene  at  Coilantogle  ford  as  painted 
by  the  greatest  romantic  novelist  who  ever  lived. 

Ill  fared  it  then  with  Roderick  Dim, 
That  on  the  field  his  targe  he  threw, 
Whose  bra/en  studs  and  tough  bullhide 
Had  death  so  often  dashed  aside. 
For,  trained  abroad  his  arms  to  wield, 
Fitz  James's  blade  was  sword  and  shield. 


58  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

This  dominant  trait  of  the  man  IXGALLS,  this  power  of 
the  skillful  swordsman  always  read}-,  was  a  thing  during 
his  whole  life  misunderstood.  It  was  really  the  result  of 
the  exercise  of  one  of  the  rarest  powers  of  the  human 
mind — the  power  of  quick  perception  and  instant  under 
standing.  His  ability  to  quickly  see,  to  know,  and  to 
understand  was  almost  intuitive,  and  it  was  sustained  by  a 
command  of  his  mother  tongue  and  knowledge  of  words 
and  their  uses  that  was  marvelous.  He  was  strangely 
indifferent  to  the  beckonings  of  the  hand  that  leads  the 
sons  of  genius  into  the  paths  of  literature;  he  wrote  but 
desultorily  and  at  intervals,  yet  it  can  be  easily  demon 
strated  that  he  was  perhaps  the  greatest  descriptive  writer 
of  the  brief  day  in  which  he  wrote  at  all.  The  poem  that 
smells  of  the  midnight  oil,  the  turgid  essay  that  bears  wit 
ness  to  the  sweat  of  the  brow,  were  not  for  him.  But  in 
all  he  did  of  literature  he  struck  as  sharply  with  his  pen  as 
with  that  rapier  of  speech  that  was  always  at  his  side.  In 
a  literature  that  is  small  in  volume  and  priceless  in  charac 
ter  he  carved  cameos  by  touch,  and  the}'  were  instantly 
done  and  cast  aside,  gems  that  anyone  might  have  who 
chose  to  carry  them  away. 

There  were  thousands  who  misunderstood  the  rare  intel 
lectuality  I  have  attempted  to  describe,  for  it  is  in  the 
course  of  nature  that  a  man  like  this  is  largely  isolated 
from  his  fellows  by  the  nature  of  his  case.  Yet  at  a  pecul 
iar  crisis  in  the  politics  of  Kansas  they  were  the  qualities 
which  brought  him  forward  and  placed  him  in  the  Senate. 
But  he  was  not  even  then  new  and  unknown.  He  had 
entered  politics  at  the  beginning  of  his  career.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  at  .Wvandotte  that  drafted  the 


Jo/in  James  Inga/ls.  59 

present  constitution  of  Kansas.  His  work  is  in  every  para 
graph,  for  he  is  said  to  have  had  as  his  special  task  the 
molding  into  clear  and  vigorous  English  the  provision:;  of 
that  organic  law.  It  was  he  who  chose  the  characteristic 
motto  of  the  shield,  "Ad  astra  per  aspera,"  and  this  in  three 
words  acknowledged  the  difficulties  of  the  beginnings  and 
foretold  the  glories  which  were  so  soon  to  come. 

Later  I  NO  ALLS  was  secretary  of  the  Territorial  council, 
and  still  a  little  later  was  a  member  of  the  State  senate. 
These  were  the  educational  beginnings  of  his  political 
career.  It  was  the  day  of  small  things  for  all  that  lay  west 
of  the  Missouri.  In  the  town  of  Atchison  he  made  himself 
a  home  and  lived  as  other  men,  intent  upon  the  affairs  of 
daily  life,  cherishing  the  home  he  had  made  and  the  family 
that  liad  grown  about  his  knees,  with  an  even  greater 
devotion  than  he  ever  showed  to  any  of  the  interests  which 
later  clustered  about  a  life  that  was  lived  in  the  public  eye. 

The  story  of  that  public  life  is  still  remembered  in  many 
of  its  details.  Mr.  INGALLS  passed  eighteen  years  in  the 
United  States  Senate.  They  were  years  during  which  the 
Congress  in  both  its  branches  was  rilled  with  stalwart  men. 
It  was  the  reconstructive  period  that  followed  the  greatest 
war  of  modern  times.  In  it  lived  Klaine  and  Garfield  and 
Conkling  and  Butler  and  Logan.  They  were  the  days  of 
Grant,  and,  in  their  beginnings,  Charles  Simmer  died.  The 
rugged  veterans  of  their  country's  battles,  the  skilled  sol 
diers  who  had  commanded  her  armies  in  the  field,  came 
again  to  these  Halls  to  make  her  laws.  There  were 
episodes  in  those  days  that  will  never  occur  again;  there 
were  scenes  no  pen  has  yet  described. 


60  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

It  was  during  these  years  that  INGALLS  achieved  for  his 
State  a  fame  that  has  not  yet  grown  dim.  The  man  from 
the  rim  of  the  desert  gave  the  world  for  the  first  time  to 
understand  that  it  might  hereafter  expect  from  that  far 
country  legends  other  than  those  of  calamity  and  woe. 
He  was  the  first  to  give  adequate  expression  to  the  new 
ideas  and  ideas  of  a  great  State  whose  nursing  mother  had 
been  sorrow,  whose  atmosphere  had  been  full  of  strife,  the 
very  stones  of  whose  foundations  had  been  laid  in  blood. 
The  remarkable  story  of  all  that  preceded  INGALLS  is  not 
for  me  to  tell  here.  Largely  he  created  the  changed  senti 
ment  that  since  his  day  has  been  attached  to  Kansas  and 
to  the  men  and  women  nurtured  on  her  soil. 

Finally  there  came  the  rise  of  that  which  for  want  of  a 
better  name  has  come  to  be  known  as  the  western  agrarian 
movement.  It  was  a  political  movement  not  confined  to 
Kansas,  but  there  it  had  its  highest  rise,  and  later  its  pro- 
foundest  fall.  No  one  has  ever  described  it  accurately,  for 
its  followers  and  adherents  have  themselves  almost  ceased 
to  be  interested  in  the  story  of  that  which  they  at  one  time 
seem  to  have  believed  was  a  doctrine  that  involved  the 
salvation  of  all  that  Americans  hold  dear. 

At  the  height  of  this  new  doctrine  Mr.  INGALLS'S  third 
term  in  the  Senate  came  to  an  end,  and  he  was  defeated  for 
reelection.  It  was  not  a  personal  defeat,  and  he  was  but 
the  subject  of  an  animosity  that  was  really  directed  against 
that  which  he  was  imagined  to  strongly  represent.  Neither 
the  Cavalier  nor  the  Roundhead  in  their  day  paused  to 
analyze  the  personal  characteristics  each  of  the  other.  In 


Jo/in  James  f//^a//s.  61 

Kansas  the  party  which  was  victorious  at  the  polls  wanted 
their  fitting  Senator,  and  got  him. 

Agrarianism  has  had  its  day.  The  State  which  gave 
Blaiue  180,000  votes  in  1884  gave  in  its  slow  recovery 
125,000  majority  for  Roosevelt  in  1904.  With  the  slow 
change  back  to  the  Augustan  age,  and  the  spirit  of  the 
imperial  days  that  made  Kansas  all  she  is,  came  a  recrudes 
cence  of  admiration  for  and  sympathy  with  her  greatest 
man.  He  was  not  there  to  explain  his  own  brilliant  life 
and  advocate  his  cause.  The  hearts  of  the  men  of  Kansas 
turned  back  to  him  alone.  By  an  act  of  their  legislature 
they  have  placed  his  counterfeit  presentment  here  as  their 
tribute  to  his  memory.  Mr.  INC, ALLS  in  his  lifetime  could 
have  asked  nothing  more,  and  the  love  of  his  fellow- 
citizens  could  give  nothing  less.  Yet  this  monument  is 
for  the  the  world  at  large.  Xo  Kansas  schoolboy  will  ever 
need  it  to  remind  him  who  that  man  was,  or  what  he  did, 
who  was  named  "Joiix  JA.MKS  IXGALLS." 


62  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 


Address  of  Mr.  Clark,  of  Missouri 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  In  the  very  heart  of  the  continent,  lying 
side  by  side,  are  the  magnificent  Commonwealths  of 
Missouri  and  Kansas.  Neither  northern  nor  southern, 
neither  eastern  nor  western,  they  are  the  great  central 
States  of  the  Union.  A  circle  with  Kansas  City  for  its 
center  and  with  a  radius  of  300  miles  would  contain 
more  land  of  the  richest  quality  than  any  other  circle  of 
equal  size  on  the  habitable  globe.  Within  its  circum 
ference  can  be  produced  all  the  necessaries  and  most  of 
the  luxuries  of  human  life.  Cultivated  as  scientifically 
as  Belgium  or  Holland,  Missouri  and  Kansas  could  sustain 
a  population  equal  to  that  of  the  entire  Republic  at  the 
present  time. 

It  is,  however,  not  in  their  phenomenal  wealth  of 
material  resources  and  possibilities  that  these  two  States 
are  most  lavishly  blessed,  but  in  their  superb  citizenship. 

In  the  early  day  Missourians  and  Kansans,  inheriting 
from  the  fathers  a  bitter,  irrepressible,  historic  quarrel  for 
which  they  were  in  no  way  responsible,  were  at  daggers' 
points,  and  led  "the  strenuous  life."  Now,  acting  on  the 
noble  philosophy  that  "Peace  hath  her  victories  no  less 
renowned  than  war,"  they  are  illustrating  the  virtues  of 
"the  simple  life."  Love,  which  laughs  at  locksmiths,  has 
broken  down  the  lines  of  demarcation.  Missouri  boys 
have  married  Kansas  girls,  and  Kansas  boys  have  married 


Jo/in  J a  Hies  Ittgctlls,  63 

Missouri  girls,  until  we  are  all  getting  to  l)e  kinfolks. 
The  blend  is  the  highest  type  of  American  manhood 
and  womanhood.  Missourians  and  Kansans  are  rivals  now 
only  in  patriotism  —  in  intellectual,  moral,  religious,  and 
material  achievement.  They  are  leaders  in  the  nation's 
triumphal  progress,  the  true  story  of  which  is  more  mar 
velous  than  any  tale  out  of  the  Arabian  Nights. 

It  was  a  matter  of  ineffable  pride  with  the  people  west 
of  the  Mississippi  that  for  many  years  the  two  most 
brilliant  speakers  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  lived 
on  the  sunset  side  of  the  great  river  —  George  Graham 
Vest,  of  Missouri,  and  JOHN  JAMKS  IXGALLS,  of  Kansas. 

They  were  the  opposites  of  each  other  in  almost  every 
thing — in  nativity,  in  lineage,  in  methods  of  thought,  in 
style  of  oratory,  and  in  politics.  INC; ALLS  boasted  that 
he  was  a  "  Xew  England  Brahmin,"  whatever  that  may 
be.  Vest  was  a  fine  sample  of  the  Kentuckian,  "caught 
young  enough  "  and  transplanted  to  the  rich  alluvial  soil 
of  Missouri. 

Both  had  classical  educations,  INGALLS  being  an  alum 
nus  of  Williams  College,  Massachusetts,  and  Vest  of 
Center  College,  Kentucky — two  famous  seats  of  learning. 
Both  delighted  in  the  wisdom  of  the  ancients  and  the 
moderns  and  both  reveled  in  the  poets. 

IXGALLS  was  a  judge-advocate  of  Kansas  militia  for  a 
short  while ;  Vest  served  oti  Price's  staff  a  few  days. 

INGALLS'S  speeches  were  composed  largely  of  aqua 
fortis,  dynamite,  and  Greek  fire;  Vest's  were  a  mixture 
of  vitriol,  sweet  oil,  rosewater,  naphtha,  and  gun  cotton. 


64  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

Danton's  motto  was:  "L'audace!  L'audace!  Toujours 
1'audace!"  IXGALLS'S  weapon  was  u Sarcasm!  Sarcasm! 
always  sarcasm ! "  In  that  regard  he  ranks  with  Tristam 
Burges,  John  Randolph  of  Roanoke,  Thaddens  Stevens, 
and  Thomas  Brackett  Reed.  Vest  tempered  his  sarcasm 
with  genial  humor  which  cured  the  wound  which  he 
had  inflicted. 

INGALLS  possessed  the  most  copious  and  most  gorgeous 
vocabulary  of  his  day,  more  copious  and  more  gorgeous, 
indeed,  than  that  of  any  other  American  orator  except 
Henry  A.  Wise ;  and  was  the  most  painstaking  precisian 
in  the  use  of  our  vernacular  who  has  appeared  in  our 
Congressional  life.  He  burnished  his  sentences  till  they 
glittered  as  a  gem.  He  was  well  qualified  to  write  an 
unabridged  dictionary  or  a  book  on  synonyms.  Clearly 
he  thought  with  Holland  that: 

The  temple  of  art  is  built  of  words.  Painting  and  sculpture  and  music 
are  but  the  blazon  of  its  windows,  borrowing  all  their  significance  from 
the  light,  and  suggestive  only  of  the  temple's  uses. 

Vest's  diction  was  rich,  but  the  construction  of  his  sen 
tences  lacked  evidence  of  the  severe  and  repeated  polishings 
to  which  the  caustic  Kansan  subjected  his.  If  he  used  as 
much  art,  he  employed  the  rarer  art  of  concealing  its  use. 

Each  wielded  the  scimiter  of  Saladin  rather  than  the 
two-handed  broadsword  of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion. 

IXGALLS  was  tall,  slender,  and  erect  as  a  grenadier ;  Vest 
was  short,  rotund,  and  walked  with  the  proverbial  student's 
stoop. 

INGALLS  neglected  none  of  the  accessories  of  public 
speech.  He  looked  well  to  the  stage  settings.  He  was  a 


John  James  Ingalls.  65 

connoisseur  in  costumes.  Neither  Roscoe  Conkling  nor 
Solomon  in  all  his  glory  was  more  splendidly  arrayed.  He 
followed  in  letter  and  in  spirit  the  advice  of  Polonius  to 
Laertes : 

Costly  thy  habit  as  thy  purse  can  buy, 

But  not  expressed  in  fancy;  rich,  not  gaudy; 

For  the  apparel  oft  proclaims  the  man. 

Vest  enjoyed  the  comforts  of  good  raiment,  but  cared 
nothing  for  the  adornments. 

In  the  strictest  acceptation  of  the  term,  Vest  was  never 
popular  in  Missouri  and  INGALLS  was  never  popular  in 
Kansas.  They  had  a  wondrous  hold  on  the  admiration, 
but  not  on  the  affections,  of  their  constituents.  Thinking 
of  Vest,  a  man  is  proud  to  call  himself  a  Missourian. 
Thinking  of  IXGALLS,  another  is  proud  to  call  himself  a 
Kansan.  Thinking  of  either  of  them,  one  is  proud  to  call 
himself  an  American. 

Each,  through  sheer  brilliancy  of  intellect  and  soul- 
stirring  eloquence,  aroused  intensest  enthusiasm  among  his 
countrymen.  Men  listened  to  Vest  and  INGALLS  just  as 
they  listen  to  the  thrilling  strains  of  entrancing  music,  but 
the  frenzy  of  rapture  which  the}-  engendered  is  not  ade 
quately  expressed  by  the  paltry  word  "popularity."  It  was 
delirious  delight! 

When  either  addressed  the  multitude,  he  so  warmed 
their  hearts  that— 

They  threw  their  caps 

As  they  would  hang  them  on  the  horns  o'  the  moon, 

Shouting  their  exultation. 

17102—05 5 


66  Acceptance  of  Stattte  of 

It  is  a  queer  fact  —  perhaps  a  regrettable  one  —  that  these 
two  celebrated  intellectual  gladiators  never  engaged  in  an 
oratorical  pitched  battle  in  the  Senate.  Such  a  duel  would 
have  been  worth  journeying  across  the  continent  to  wit 
ness.  Each  being  in  perfect  fettle,  with  a  subject  of  suffi 
cient  historic  importance,  a  contest  betwixt  them  ought 
to  have  rivaled  the  Webster-Hayne  debate  in  enduring 
interest. 

Kansans  are  paying  their  highest  meed  of  praise  to 
INGALLS  by  placing  his  effigy,  carved  by  a  cunning  hand 
from  Parian  marble,  in  Statuary  Hall,  the  great  American 
Valhalla,  where  our  choicest  worthies,  do  congregate  for 
posterity.  Missouri  would  do  the  same  for  Vest  but  for 
the  fact  that  her  quota  in  that  illustrious  company  was 
filled  while  he  still  tabernacled  in  the  flesh. 

ING  ALLS  preceded  Vest  to  the  grave,  and  in  the  Saturday 
Evening  Post  the  brilliant  Missourian  said,  inter  alia, 
touching  the  brilliant  Kansan: 


Of  all  the  public  men  with  whom  I  have  served  JOHN  JAMES 
of  Kansas,  was  the  most  original  and  eccentric.  He  was  a  living  enigma, 
and  I  could  never  fully  understand  his  motives  and  the  many-sided  phases 
of  his  character.  He  had  a  strong,  daring  intellect,  which  defied  all  limi 
tations,  and  was  an  eloquent,  attractive  speaker,  with  a  wealth  of  imagi 
nation  and  diction  which  was  inexhaustible.  He  was  at  times  cynical 
and  morose,  but  was  a  great  word  painter  and  could  express  the  most 
elevated  thoughts  in  language  so  beautiful  as  to  fascinate  his  hearers. 
Above  all,  he  was  an  iconoclast,  and  nothing  delighted  him  so  much  as  to 
startle  and  even  shock  the  staid  and  dignified  Senate  by  the  utterance  of 
opinion  utterly  at  variance  with  the  settled  belief  of  many  centuries. 


I  do  not  believe  that  INGALI^S  was  malicious  or  bad  hearted.  He  was 
an  expert  in  denunciation  and  could  not  resist  the  temptation  of  exhibit 
ing  his  wonderful  capability  in  that  regard  to  the  .world.  He  loved 
poetry,  music,  painting,  sculpture,  and  the  beautiful  in  nature.  His 
prose  poem  on  Blue  Grass,  published  in  a  Kansas  magazine  before  he 
came  to  the  United  States  Senate,  is  a  marvel  in  literature,  and  I  am  glad 


John  James  Itigalh.  67 

to  know  that  a  sentence  from  that  essay  is  to  be  inscril>e(l  on  the  granite 
l>owlder  which  marks  his  grave.  The  sentence  is  the  one  in  which  he 
eulogi/es  the  blue  grass  sward,  beneath  which  he  sleeps,  as  a  "carpet  for 
the  infant  and  a  blanket  for  the  dead." 

*  *  *  *  »  * 

Senator  INGALLS  was  a  master  of  satire  and  invective,  being  unable  to 
resist  the  temptation  to  attack  any  of  his  colleagues,  even  those  of  his  own 
party,  whose  record  or  character  presented  a  vulnerable  point  for  assault. 
On  one  occasion,  when  President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate,  he  called 
another  Senator  to  the  chair,  and  going  down  on  the  floor,  made  a  vicious 
personal  attack  upon  Senator  Brown,  of  Georgia,,  one  of  the  most  amiable 
and  courteous  members  of  the  Senate.  The  venerable  Georgian  was  sit 
ting  quietly  looking  over  a  committee  report  when  a  cyclone  of  satire  and 
vituperation  burst  upon  him  without  the  slightest  notice  of  its  coming. 
The  look  of  astonishment  on  the  amiable  countenance  of  the  victim,  as 
verbs,  nouns,  pronouns,  adjectives,  and  epithets  filled  the  air,  caused  a 
ripple  of  amusement  through  the  Senate;  but  the  climax  was  reached 
when  I  NO  ALLS  alluded  to  a  habit  Senator  Brown  had  when  speaking  of 
gently  rubbing  one  hand  over  the  other,  by  quoting  Hood's  lines: 
And  then,  in  the  fullness  of  joy  and  hope, 
Seemed  washing  his  hands  with  invisible  soap 

In  imperceptible  water. 

At  this  critical  moment  Senator  Brown  looked  down  at  the  offending 
members  as  if  inquiring  why  they  had  brought  on  the  volcanic  eruption 
which  was  blazing  about  him. 

The  late  Senator  George  Frisbie  Hoar,  in  his  autobiog 
raphy,  says: 

JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS  was  in  many  respects  one  of  the  brightest  intel 
lects  I  ever  knew.  He  was  graduated  at  Williams  in  1855.  One  of  the 
few  things,  I  don't  know  but  I  might  say  the  only  thing,  for  which  he 
seemed  to  have  any  reverence  was  the  character  of  Mark  Hopkins.  He 
was  a  very  conspicuous  figure  in  the  debates  of  the  Senate.  He  had 
an  excellent  English  style,  always  impressive,  often  on  fit  occasions 
rising  to  great  stateliness  and  beauty.  He  was  for  a  while  President  pro 
tempore  of  the  Senate,  and  was  the  l>est  presiding  officer  I  have  ever 
known  there  for  conducting  ordinary  business.  He  maintained  in  the 
chair  always  his  stately  dignity  of  bearing  and  speech.  The  formal 
phrases  with  which  he  declared  the  action  of  the  Senate  or  stated  questions 
for  its  decision  seemed  to  be  a  fitting  part  of  some  stately  ceremonial.  He 
did  not  care  much  about  the  principles  of  parliamentary  law,  and  had 
never  been  a  very  thorough  student  of  the  rules.  So  his  decisions  did  not 
have  the  same  authority  as  those  of  Mr.  Wheeler  or  Mr.  Edmunds  or  Mr. 
Hamlin. 


68  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

I  said  to  him  one  day:  "  I  think  you  are  the  best  presiding  officer  I  ever 
knew,  but  I  do  not  think  you  know  much  about  parliamentary  law."  To 
which  he  replied:  "  I  think  the  sting  is  bigger  than  the  bee." 

He  never  lost  an  opportunity  to  indulge  his  gift  of  caustic  wit,  no  mat 
ter  at  whose  expense. 

Mr.  Eugene  W.  Newman,  who  writes  much  and  felici 
tously  under  the  nom  de  plume  of  "  Savoyard,"  character 
izes  ING  ALLS  as  "  the  wizard  of  the  English  tongue,"  and 
says  of  him: 

JOHN  JAMES  iNGAiyLS  was  an  extraordinary  man.  By  no  means  the 
ablest,  he  was  perhaps  the  most  brilliant  Senator  in  Congresses  conspicu 
ous  for  exceptionally  brilliant  men.  He  was  born  in  New  England,  of 
Puritan,  not  Pilgrim,  parentage;  of  the  Endicott,  not  the  Carver,  exodus; 
of  the  Salem,  not  the  Plymouth,  regime.  In  a  sort  of  mirage  of  tradition 
the  family  is  traced  back  to  the  Scandinavian  kings  and  peoples  who 
grafted  Dane  and  Norman  on  Briton  and  Saxon.  The  name  is  in  Domes 
day  Book.  President  Garfield  and  Chief  Justice  Chase  had  like  origin; 
indeed,  the  same  origin. 


rose  to  be  one  of  the  chief  figures  in  American  politics  and 
success  came  at  his  command.  He  never  courted  it.  He  was  a  poet,  and 
never  so  lonesome  as  when  in  a  crowd.  Lamar  was  another  of  that  order 
of  man.  INGALLS  was  not  "a  man  of  the  people,"  emphatically  not,  and 
could  not  successfully  employ  the  arts  of  the  vulgar  demagogue.  He 
could  just  as  easily  have  uplifted  the  club  of  Hercules  or  stricken  with  the 
hammer  of  Thor.  Honors  came  to  him  grudgingly  and  churlishly,  and 
solely  because  he  was  the  first  intellect  and  the  one  genius  in  the  Kansas 
that  knew  Dudley  C.  Haskell  and  Preston  B.  Plumb. 

These  three  —  Vest,  Hoar,  and  Newman  —  are  competent 
and  distinguished  witnesses.  Perhaps  the  average  opinion 
of  their  evidences  would  properly  and  truly  portray  JOHN 
JAMES  ING  ALLS.  As  Dryden  described  Halifax  so  may 
INGALLS  be  described  : 

Of  piercing  wit  and  pregnant  thought, 
Endued  by  nature  and  by  learning  taught 
To  move  assemblies. 

Mr.  Speaker,  Kansas  acts  wisely  in  honoring  JOHN 
JAMES  INGALLS,  for  in  honoring  him  she  also  honors 
herself.  [Loud  applause.] 


Jo/in  James  Ingalls.  69 


Address  of  Mr.  Gibson,  of  Tennessee 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  I  rise  to  speak  of  INGALLS  and  Kansas. 
INGALLS — Kansas;  Kansas — INGALLS!  One  name  sug 
gests  the  other.  They  are  as  indissolubly  connected  as 
are  the  names  of  Webster  and  Massachusetts,  of  Clay 
and  Kentucky,  or  of  Calhoun  and  South  Carolina.  When 
the  name  of  INGALLS  is  mentioned  in  the  hearing  of  a  man 
acquainted  with  his  record  and  the  history  of  his  State 
there  rises  at  once  in  the  memory  and  imagination  the 
figure  of  a  man,  tall,  slender,  and  straight,  looming  up 
above  the  treeless  plains  of  Kansas  as  conspicuously  as 
a  lonely  and  lofty  monolith  above  the  sandy  plains  of 
Egypt;  and  so,  when  the  name  of  Kansas  is  spoken,  we 
have  a  picture  of  a  beautiful  country  framing  the  portrait 
of  INGALLS,  her  greatest  son. 

KANSAS   THE   CHILD   OF   CONFLICT 

Kansas  has  a  romantic  and  peculiar  history.  She  is  the 
only  one  of  the  new  States  that  was  born  amid  the  smoke 
of  battle  and  whose  cradle  was  rocked  by  the  bloody  hand 
of  civil  war.  Her  plains  beheld  the  preliminary  skir 
mishes  of  that  great  conflict  which  for  four  years  shook 
the  continent  of  North  America  and  appalled  the  whole 
world  by  its  magnitude  and  its  animosity.  The  North 
and  the  South  struggled  for  her  possession  while  she  was 
yet  in  her  infancy.  The  early  immigrants  to  Kansas  came 


70  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

armed  with  rifles,  revolvers,  and  bowie  knives,  and  they 
soon  found  it  necessary  to  beat  their  plowshares  into 
swords  and  their  pruning  hooks  into  spears  and  learn  war 
instead  of  peace.  I  lived  through  those  days,  and  well  do 
I  remember  how  the  North  sent  forth  her  armed  bands  to 
hold  the  land  and  how  the  South  sent  forth  her  fiery 
sons  to  stay  and  turn  back  the  tide  of  northern  invasion. 
The  South  conceded  Nebraska  to  the  North,  but  claimed 
Kansas  as  her  own,  and  appealed  to  her  loyal  sons  to  vindi 
cate  her  claim. 

Sons  of  the  South,  awake,  arise, 

To  fight  for  Kansas  land, 
With  valor  gleaming  in  your  eyes 

And  ballots  in  your  hand; 
For  Kansas  to  the  South  belongs, 

Nebraska  to  the  North, 
And  if  we  do  not  right  our  wrongs 

What  is  our  valor  worth  ? 

Such    was    the    appeal    made    by    the    South,    and    hei 
impulsive  sons  enthusiastically  responded. 

THE  BATTLE  CRIES  OF  THE  COMBATANTS. 

The  North  answered  the  challenge  with  equal  spirit. 

One  and  all,  hear  our  call 

Echo  through  the  land! 
Aid  us  with  a  willing  heart 

And  the  strong  right  hand! 

Feed  the  spark  the  Pilgrims  struck 

On  old  Plymouth  Rock! 
To  the  watch  fires  of  the  free 

Millions  glad  shall  flock! 

Ho,  brothers!     Come,  brothers! 

Hasten  all  with  me! 
We'll  sing  upon  the  Kansas  plains 

A  song  of  Liberty  ! 


John  James  lugalls.  71 

And  so  with  rival  songs,  hostile  watchwords,  and  parti 
san  battle  cries  it  was  not  long  before  the  contending 
hosts  began  to  substitute  bullets  for  ballots  and  the  flame 
of  fire  for  the  torch  of  knowledge.  Political  passion  ran 
wild  on  the  plains  of  Kansas,  even  before  the  buffalo  had 
departed  or  the  red  Indian  had  taken  down  his  wigwam; 
and  amazing  indeed  to  them  must  have  been  the  spec 
tacle  of  white  man  fighting  white  man,  paleface  slaying 
paleface,  Americans  butchering  Americans,  Christians 
massacring  Christians — the  divine  gospel  of  love  metamor 
phosed  by  the  demon  of  an  ungovernable  passion  into 
the  infernal  gospel  of  hate. 

THE   SCENES   OF    IXGALLS'S   YOUTH 

Amid  such  scenes  of  horror  and  distress  ING  ALLS  passed 
his  young  manhood.  He  beheld  the  proslavery  men  in 
death  struggle  with  the  free-state  men.  He  witnessed  the 
guerrillas,  the  bushwhackers,  and  the  border  ruffians  pil 
laging  the  land ;  he  heard  his  friends  denounced  as  black 
Republicans,  abolitionists,  and  jayhawkers;  the  terrors 
wrought  by  Osawatomie  Brown  among  the  proslavery  men 
and  by  Missouri  Quantrell  among  the  free-state  men  filled 
even-  home  with  horrible  apprehensions  and  conjured  up 
nightmares  for  every  bed.  INGALLS  saw  assaults  grow 
into  murders  and  murders  grow  into  massacres;  he  saw 
house  burnings  grow  into  conflagrations,  and  conflagrations 
sweep  away  villages,  towns,  and  cities,  until  his  State  was 
red  with  human  blood  and  black  with  the  charred  ruins  of 
burned  homesteads.  Murder,  robbery,  and  arson  ran 
rioting  through  the  land ;  the  laws  were  trampled  under 
foot,  and  chaos  and  pandemonium  had  come  again. 


72  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

No  wonder  she  was  called  "Bleeding  Kansas!"  for  verily 
she  bled  as  no  other  Territory  or  State  of  the  American 
Union  has  bled. 

She  saw  her  sons  with  purple  death  expire, 
Her  sacred  domes  involved  in  rolling  fire; 
A  dreadful  series  of  intestine  wars, 
Inglorious  triumphs,  and  dishonest  scars. 

Trained  amid  these  surroundings,  sympathizing  intensely 
with  his  adopted  State  in  her  sufferings,  thoroughly  indig 
nant  at  those  who  had  laid  waste  her  habitations  and 
slaughtered  her  citizens,  and  longing  for  the  chance  to 
speak  as  her  champion  and  strike  as  her  vindicator  and 
avenger,  INGALLS  became  transfigured  into  the  very  per 
sonification  of  Kansas,  and  all  the  emotions,  memories, 
spirations,  and  passions  of  his  State  throbbed  in  his 
heart,  seethed  in  his  brain,  flashed  in  his  eyes,  and  flamed 
in  his  speech. 

His  oratory  was  characteristic  of  Kansas  in  the  troublous 
times  of  his  young  manhood ;  his  invective  was  as  terrible 
as  the  onslaughts  of  John  Brown  and  his  raiders;  his 
irony  as  bitter  as  a  jayhawker's  answer  to  an  appeal  for 
mercy ;  his  imagination  as  lofty  and  lurid  as  the  flames 
which  filled  the  skies  when  Lawrence  was  burned  by 
Quantrell's  guerrillas  and  its  citizens  massacred;  his  sar 
casm  was  as  cutting  and  relentless  as  a  bowie  knife  in 
the  hands  of  a  border  ruffian;  his  indignation  as  fiery 
and  thunderous  as  a  charge  of  free-state  men  upon  the 
bushwhackers  of  the  border,  and  his  logic  as  pitiless  and 
as  irresistible  as  the  cyclones  which  tore  through  the 
State  from  the  Rockies  to  the  rivers,  annihilating  every 
thing  in  their  pathway.  But  he  always  fought  in  the 


John  James  Ing  alls.  73 

open,  sometimes  like  an  Ishmaelite,  giving  no  mercy  and 
receiving  none;  but  at  all  times,  and  under  all  circum 
stances,  loved  by  his  State  of  Kansas  and  feared  by  her 

enemies. 

INGALLS   IN   THE   SENATE 

Thus  trained,  thus  educated  in  the  troubled  school  of 
fratricidal  war,  thus  inspired  with  the  tremendous  emotions 
born  of  the  earthquake  throes  of  those  awful  times,  JOHN 
JAMES  INGALLS  came  to  the  front  of  the  platform  of 
public  life;  and  after  serving  in  the  councils  of  his  State 
for  a  season  was,  in  January,  1873,  elected  a  Senator  in 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  for  eighteen 
years  from  the  day  he  took  his  seat  he  was  one  of  the 
shining  figures  in  that  grand  body  of  good  and  great  men. 

We  do  not  judge  a  lion  by  comparison  with  wolves, 
for  the  contrast  does  not  so  much  magnify  the  lion  as 
it  portrays  the  despicable  nature  of  the  wolf.  To  judge 
a  lion  he  must  be  compared  with  lions.  So  to  judge 
INGALLS  we  must  not  place  him  with  ordinary  men. 
A  Senator  stands  for  a  million  men,  and  a  great  Senator 
stands  for  many  Senators.  INGALLS  was  a  great  Senator- 
great  amid  such  Senators  as  Bayard,  Ben.  H.  Hill,  John 
A.  Logan,  George  F.  Hoar,  Roscoe  Conkling,  Allen  G. 
Thurman,  Isham  G.  Harris,  George  F.  Edmunds,  Matt  H. 
Carpenter,  and  John  Sherman. 

He  was  a  giant  among  giants,  and  of  them  all  none 
more  picturesque,  none  with  such  a  distinctive  individu 
ality,  none  that  rose  higher  in  the  sublime  atmosphere  of 
loftv  intellectualitv.  And  when  INGALLS  left  the  Senate 


74  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

he  stepped  forth  upon  a  broader  and  loftier  arena  and 
became  henceforth  more  than  a  distinguished  son  of  Kan 
sas,  he  became  one  of  the  great  men  of  America  and  of 
the  world — 

One  of  the  few,  the  immortal  names, 
That  were  not  born  to  die. 

ING  ALLS    HIS   STATE'S    FAVORITE   SON 

Such,  then,  being  the  history  and  character  of  the  man; 
such  being  his  inspiration  and  his  devotion;  such  his 
genius  and  his  fame;  such  his  personification  of  all  that 
was  best  and  brightest,  most  patriotic,  most  famous,  and 
most  characteristic  in  her  history,  it  was  most  fitting  that 
the  State  of  Kansas  should  select  him  as  her  most  illus 
trious  representative  and  her  most  distinguished  citizen, 
to  stand  forth  in  these  halls  in  imperishable  marble  as 
long  as  this  Capitol  shall  stand,  and  as  long  as  the 
Nation  shall  live. 

And  I  pray  God  that  the  nation  may  live  forever,  and 
ever  grow  in  greatness  and  in  glory;  and  that  this  Capitol 
may  remain  undisturbed  by  the  elements,  unshaken  by 
earthquakes,  and  unmarred  by  the  wrath  or  the  folly  of 
man,  for  many,  many  generations;  and  that  there  shall 
remain  under  this  imperial  Dome,  as  an  inspiration  to  the 
youth  of  the  land  and  a  perpetual  memorial  of  the  love 
of  a  State  for  a  favorite  son,  this  sublime  statue  erected 
here  in  this  Hall  of  Glory  by  the  great  State  of  Kansas 
in  honor  of  her  greatest  and  best  beloved  son,  JOHN 
JAMES  INGALLS!  [Loud  applause.] 


John  James  Ingalls. 


Address  of  Mr.  Bowersock,  of  Kansas 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  New  England  born,  Kansas  bred.  New 
England  supplied  largely  the  mind,  brawn,  and  blood  that 
fed  the  fires  of  freedom  in  Kansas,  and  that  led  to  the  tri 
umph  of  free-state  principles.  Kansas  grew  from  a  New 
England  sprout  transplanted.  A  new  soil,  a  different  air, 
a  unique  environment  is  maturing  a  tree  with  roots  of 
Puritan  mold,  but  with  a  trunk  and  some  branches  that 
have  taken  shape  that  may  come  of  higher  altitude,  erratic 
winds,  divergent  soil,  tempestuous  birth  time,  and  baptism 
of  blood,  fire,  and  rapine. 

Kansas,  born  like  man  in  travail,  cradled  in  struggle, 
schooled  in  calamity,  maturing  after  barren  reforms — 
needed,  in  order  to  triumph  over  internal  strife,  emigrant 
freaks,  and  climatic  extremes,  a  type  of  men  made  for  the 
occasion  and  the  event.  In  the  history  of  the  world,  as  a 
rule,  when  the  times  required  the  man,  behold  there  the 
man  was. 

"We  are  on  the  eve  of  a  great  national  transaction,  a 
transaction  that  will  close  a  cycle  in  the  history  of  our 
country,"  said  Seward,  in  the  Kansas-Nebraska  debate. 
Two  men  came  out  of  New  England  and  immigrated  to 
Kansas  to  help  close  this  "cycle."  Two  men  who  have 
made  a  higher  mark  for  much  that  is  best,  and  to  be  best, 
it  may  be,  in  Kansas  than  any  others.  One  came  in  the 
prime  and  strength  of  manhood;  the  other  in  the  glory 
and  enthusiasm  of  youth.  One  gave  his  most  earnest  and 


76  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

fearless  efforts  to  laying  the  foundations  of  the  Common 
wealth  from  within;  the  other,  while  a  pioneer,  gave  to 
Kansas  the  best  years  of  his  life  outside  the  boundaries  of 
his  State  in  the  councils  of  the  highest  legislative  body 
on  earth. 

I  was  asked  some  years  ago  for  a  personal  expression 
of  my  judgment  as  to  which  two  men  belonging  to 
Kansas  and  a  part  of  her  history  and  achievement  should 
the  people  honor  by  giving  them  a  place  in  the  Statuary 
Hall  of  the  nation.  Without  hesitation  I  replied  Charles 
Robinson  and  JOHN  J.  INGALLS. 

It  has  been  said,  "Once  a  Kansan  always  a  Kansan." 
INGALLS  loved  Kansas.  It  may  be  said  of  him,  in  his 
own  words,  referring  to  A.  D.  Richardson: 

Kansas  exercised  the  same  fascination  over  him  that  she  does  over 
all  who  have  yielded  to  her  spell.  There  are  some  women  whom  to 
have  once  loved  renders  it  impossible  ever  to  love  again.  As  the 
"gray  and  melancholy  main"  to  the  sailor,  the  desert  to  the  Bedouin, 
the  Alps  to  the  mountaineer,  so  is  Kansas  to  all  her  children. 

INGALLS  was  a  human  electric  motor,  driven  by  a 
generator  that  gathered  an  3  concentrated  force  from  the 
great  plains  of  his  adopted  State  and  sending  out  light 
ning  current  and  spark,  that,  caustic  like,  seared  and 
burned  sham  and  evil  and  struck  down  oppression  and 
wrong. 

He  could  cut  quickly  and  deep,  and  he  could  salve  a 
wound  as  gently  as  a  mother  soothes  a  babe.  The  thun 
derbolt  always  accompanies  the  tornado,  the  rain  and 
the  sunshine  follow  after. 

He  was  an  artist,  not  with  brush  and  pallet,  but  with 
words  fitly  picturing  thoughts  of  force  and  beauty.  Few 
men's  thoughts  ever  had  more  apt  and  complete  expression. 


John  James  Ingalls.  77 

Often  incisive  and  irresistible  as  a  mountain  blizzard, 
again  as  mild  and  refreshing  as  a  Kansas  zephyr. 

He  has  been  removed  from  the  center  of  the  stage,  but 
not  from  the  ken  of  men.  Within  the  month  one  of  the 
gifted  writers  of  the  capital  city  wrote  of  him  as  the 
ls  most  brilliant  man  in  the  United  States  Senate,"  a 
distinction  Mr.  INGALLS  would  never  have  claimed. 

And  George  R.  Peck,  honored  and  loved  by  Kansans, 
and  who  honors  Kansas,  said  of  him: 

He  was  a  scholar,  and  all  his  tastes  were  scholarly  and  refined.  His 
knowledge  of  words  and  his  unerring  skill  in  choosing  always  the  right 
one  were  proverbial.  In  debate  I  believe  he  was  superior  to  John  Ran 
dolph,  who  in  his  day  was  the  terror  of  his  opponents.  He  was  such  a 
splendid  fighter  that  main-  people  think  of  him  only  as  the  great  master 
of  invective  and  of  pitiless  sarcasm;  but  read  "  Blue  Grass  "  or  his  article 
on  Albert  Dean  Richardson,  or  his  beautiful  tribute  to  Ben.  Hill,  and  the 
kindly  elements  of  his  nature  become  strongly  and  sweetly  visible. 

But,  after  all,  may  not  the  home  life  of  the  true  man 
and  the  truly  great  man  be  the  highest  test?  INGALLS 
stands  revealed  in  the  public  searchlight;  and  in  the  mel 
lower,  softer,  ofttimes  somber,  but  more  trying,  light  of 
home  and  fireside  he  was  devoted,  kind,  respected,  loved. 

Whether  in  the  convention  framing  the  constitution  of 
Kansas,  in  the  legislature,  or  as  judge-advocate  of  volun 
teers,  as  editor,  as  United  States  Senator,  as  President  of 
the  Senate,  he  was  always  unique,  isolated,  yet  most  kindly 
approachable,  brilliant,  incisive,  clear,  masterly.  Some 
one  has  said: 

Acts  are  only  symbols  of  the  soul.  God  seeks  the  soul  behind  the 
symbol. 

Pigmies  are  pigmies  still,  though  percht  on  Alps; 
And  pyramids  are  pyramids  in  vales. 
Each  man  makes  his  own  stature,  builds  himself. 
Soul  grandeur  only  gives  the  measure  of  the  man. 

[Loud  applause.] 


78  Acceptance  of  Statiie  of 


Address  of  Mr.  Wiley,  of  Alabama 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  The  act  of  Congress,  passed  in  1864, 
converted  the  deserted  old  Hall  of  the  House  of  Repre 
sentatives  into  a  national  gallery.  Under  the  provisions 
of  that  law  each  State  of  the  American  Union  has  the 
legislative  authority  to  select  from  among  her  celebrated 
dead  the  two  citizens  most  worthy  the  honor  of  occupying 
a  place  in  that  historic  Chamber,  rendered  sacred  by 
enduring  statues,  which  recall  the  traditions  and  tell  the 
story  of  our  national  life — of  battles  fought  and  victories 
won  by  the  courage,  and  of  liberty  preserved  by  the 
genius,  of  Anglo-Saxon  manhood. 

A  world-renowned  Roman  orator  once  declared  : 

I  hold  that  no  man  deserves  to  be  crowned  with  honor  whose  life  is  a 
failure.  He  who  only  lives  to  eat  and  drink  and  accumulate  money  is 
a  failure.  The  world  is  no  better  for  his  being  in  it.  He  never  wiped  a 
tear  from  a  sad  face,  never  kindled  a  fire  on  a  frozen  hearth.  I  repeat 
with  emphasis  he  is  a  failure.  There  is  no  flesh  in  his  heart.  L/et  no  such 
man  be  honored. 

But  the  converse  of  the  proposition  is  equally  true.  It 
is  our  bounden  duty  to  devise  adequate  measures  to  the 
end  that  the  worthy  great  shall  not  be  forgotten.  To 
perpetuate  in  stone  or  marble  or  bronze  or  brass  the 
memory  of  those  who  have  rendered  distinguished  service 
to  their  country,  to  science,  or  humanity  is  an  imperative 
responsibility  that  can  not  be  evaded.  It  is  a  laudable 
purpose  to  erect  statues  or  build  monuments  to  com 
memorate  the  valor,  patriotism,  or  useful  deeds  of  our 


John  James  Ingalls.  79 

illustrious  dead  on  the  bloody  fields  of  war  and  in  the 
busy  pursuits  of  peace;  to  the  soldier,  statesman,  orator, 
jurist,  philosopher,  scientist,  artist,  historian,  poet,  humani 
tarian,  and  philanthropist;  to  the  captains  of  industrial 
development  and  commercial  enterprise,  as  well  as  to 
those  unselfish  members  of  society  who  devote  fheir  lives 
and  spend  their  fortunes  in  relieving  suffering  humanity. 
To  keep  from  oblivion  "the  immortal  names  that  were 
not  born  to  die''  is  but  a  paltry  recognition  of  the  never- 
ending  obligation  posterity  owes  to  them. 

In  yon  Hall  of  Fame  are  costly  memorials,  contributed 
by  the  different  States  of  the  Union,  which  will  serve  to 
keep  fresh  in  our  memories  the  heroic  endeavors  put  forth 
by  our  intrepid  forefathers  in  subduing  the  wilderness,  in 
conquering  the  savage  red  man,  in  resisting  cruel  oppres 
sions,  in  protecting  popular  rights,  and  in  preserving  con 
stitutional  liberty.  These  monuments  perpetuate  the 
virtues  and  the  valor  of  the  brave,  free,  independent,  and 
Christian  men  who  built  this  magnificent  Government  of 
ours  in  a  form  so  grand  and  enduring  as  to  excite  the 
wonder  and  challenge  the  admiration  of  the  civilized 
world. 

The  sovereign  State  of  Kansas  has  placed  in  Statuary 
Hall  a  marble  effigy  of  JOHN  J.  IXGALLS,  as  one  of  her 
two  most  useful  and  eminent  citizens;  and  her  sister 
States,  through  their  representatives  in  Congress  assem 
bled,  delight  to  share  in  his  greatness  and  renown,  in 
his  glory  and  fame,  as  a  common  heritage  of  a  common 
country,  and  are  here  to-day  to  participate  in  the  interest 
ing  exercises  which  solemnize  this  occasion,  and  to  assist 


8o  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

in    doing    honor    to    the    memory    of    this    extraordinary 
character. 

In  this  connection  we  are  reminded  of  those  beautiful 
lines  in  Gray's  Elegy  : 

The  boast  of  heraldry,  the  pomp  of  power, 
And  all  that  beauty,  all  that  wealth  e'er  gave, 
Await  alike  the  inevitable  hour. 
The  paths  of  glory  lead  but  to  the  grave. 

A  plaintive  poem,  more  expressive  of  lamentation  than 
even  this  funeral  song,  is  contained  in  ING  ALIAS'S  own 
words.  In  one  of  his  characteristic  obituary  addresses 
pronounced  in  the  Federal  Senate  he  exclaimed : 

In  the  democracy  of  the  dead  all  men  are  equal.  There  is  neither  rank 
nor  station  nor  prerogative  in  the  republic  of  the  grave.  At  this  fatal 
threshold  the  philosopher  ceases  to  be  wise  and  the  song  of  the  poet  is 
silent.  Dives  relinquishes  his  millions  and  Lazarus  his  rags.  *  *  * 

Here  at  last  is  Nature's  final  decree  in  equity.  The  wrongs  of  time  are 
redressed.  Injustice  is  expiated,  the  irony  of  fate  is  refuted,  the  unequal 
distribution  of  wealth,  honor,  capacity,  pleasure,  and  opportunity,  which 
make  life  such  a  cruel  and  inexplicable  tragedy,  ceases  in  the  realm  of 
death.  The  strongest  there  has  no  supremacy  and  the  weakest  needs  no 
defense.  The  mightest  captain  succumbs  to  that  invincible  adversary, 
who  disarms  alike  the  victor  and  the  vanquished. 

One  of  the  bravest  and  brainiest  spirits  that  ever  dwelt 
on  earth  passed  forever  from  the  walks  of  men  when  JOHN 
J.  INGALLS  breathed  his  life  away.  His  personality  was 
picturesque.  His  bearing,  always  stately  but  never  haughty 
nor  supercilious,  was  that  of  the  dignified  patrician  con 
scious  of  his  own  honorable  lineage  and  proud  of  his  noble 
blood.  His  ideals  were  sublime  and  soul  inspiring. 
"  Wrapt  in  the  solitude "  of  his  own  uplifting  thoughts, 
his  feet  trod  the  rugged  trails  along  and  across  high 
mountain  tops,  far  beyond  "  the  hoarse  clamor  of  dema 
gogues,"  where  alone  he  might  breathe  heaven's  pure  air 


John  James  Ing  alls.  81 

and  commune  with  Nature's  God,  learning  the  divine 
truth  that  the  murky  cloud,  which  brings  to-day  a  blessing 
while  it  hides  the  light,  is  but  the  merest  shadow  His  great 
love  draws  out  and  His  own  glorious  rainbow  of  promise 
consecrates  forever;  up  yonder  close  to  the  shining  stars, 
where 

Each  purple  peak,  each  flinty  spire, 
Is  bathed  in  floods  of  living  fire. 

His  form  towered  above  the  common  range.  Classical 
and  serene  was  his  brow.  Wisdom  gave  to  his  face  "an 
ornament  of  grace."  He  wore  upon  his  head  the  dignity  of 
kingly  power;  his  soul  possessed  a  dauntless  heroism. 
The  lordly  virtues  of  truth  and  courage  led  him  in  honor's 
pathway  and  committed  to  him  an  everlasting  "crown  of 
glory."  These  attributes  proclaimed  him  while  living  a 
prince  among  men.  As  was  said  of  another: 

All  things  adorned  Aristippus — appearance,  size,  manners,  and  every 
thing  else. 

Nature  with  lavish  hand  decorated  him  in  such  marked 
degree  that  he  could  not  avoid  arresting  the  gaze  of  man 
kind,  even  in  the  company  of  thousands. 

He  was  patriotic  from  principle,  and  not  in  the  narrow 
sense  of  personal  or  political  advantage.  His  life  was 
spent  in  the  service  of  his  country,  and  in  the  loftiest 
places  of  trust  and  honor  he  never  failed  to  discharge  his 
full  duty  as  a  statesman.  "No  pent  up  Utica"  defined  the 
boundaries  of  his  allegiance.  The  whole  Union,  irrespec 
tive  of  territorial  lines,  was  the  object  of  his  affection.  He 
was  a  friend  of  freedom — a  lover  of  liberty  everywhere. 
While  he  believed  he  could  best  promote  the  prosperity  of 

17102 — 05 6 


82  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

the  land  by  belonging  to  the  Republican  party,  he  refused 
always  to  favor  any  policy  which  might  benefit  one  section 
at  the  expense  of  another. 

A  striking  illustration  of  his  broad-gauged  American 
conservatism  was  furnished  during  his  Senatorial  career. 
Partisan  animosities  grew  bitter  and  sectional  strife  ran 
at  its  flood,  resulting  in  an  effort  by  Congress  to  enact  a 
force  bill.  The  southern  people  remember  with  feelings 
of  intense  gratitude  that  his  vote  was  potential  in 
defeating  that  hurtful  measure. 

His  life  and  life's  \vork  were  unique.  His  individuality 
embraced  an  aggregation  of  characteristics  peculiarly  his 
own.  I  shall  not  attempt  to  sketch  them,  because  that 
will  be  done  by  others  more  competent  to  speak,  some  of 
whom  were  actors  with  him  in  the  stirring  scenes  of  the 
past,  in  which  he  was  always  a  shining  figure.  "  Nature 
was  so  prodigal  to  him  in  her  gifts  that  they  shone  in 
clusters."  In  a  word,  he  was  a  resplendent  genius. 

We  are  told  that  from  his  earliest  boyhood  he  discovered 
rare  and  radiant  talents.  He  had  a  penetrating  intellect, 
a  powerful  memory,  and  a  dazzling  imagination.  He 
soon  won  the  approbation  of  the  people  amongst  whom 
he  lived  by  his  affability,  marvelous  learning,  matchless 
eloquence,  and  splendid  attainments.  Self-poised  and 
superbly  equipped,  both  in  mental  and  bodily  powers, 
he  readily  eclipsed  in  public  speaking  all  his  competitors 
for  popular  favor.  He  finally  reached  the  goal  of  his 
ambition,  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  a  body  which 
Senator  Morgan,  of  Alabama,  has  pictured  as  a  chamber 
where  legislation  is  enacted  not  only  directly  affecting 


John  James  Ingalls.  83 

the  welfare  of  80,000,000  people,  "  but  influencing  the 
councils  of  kingdoms  and  determining  the  fate  of 
empires;1'  a  legislative  body  "  not  less  powerful  than 
the  greatest  tribunals  that  have  ever  assembled,  the 
scope  and  majestic  sovereignty  of  whose  power  is  beyond 
description  in  words  or  by  reference  to  any  other  sys 
tems  of  government." 

Conspicuously  able,  of  commanding  and  gracious  pres 
ence,  possessing  an  attractive  individuality,  fluent  in 
speech,  ready  in  debate,  and  without  a  rival  in  repartee, 
he  easily  forged  to  the  head  of  that  class  of  statesmen 
who  then  stood  in  the  front  rank  and  were  enrolled 
in  the  highest  grade.  With  him  life  was  no  "  iridescent 
dream." 

It  was  said  of  Cicero  that  his  chief  art  lay  in  the 
application  of  existing  materials,  in  converting  the  dis 
advantages  of  language  into  beauties,  in  enriching  it 
with  circumlocutions  and  metaphors,  in  pruning  it  of 
harsh  and  uncouth  expressions,  and  in  systematizing  the 
structure  of  a  sentence.  This  constituted  him  the  greatest 
master  of  composition  the  world  has  ever  known. 

This  summary  is  an  accurate  description  of  JOHN  J. 
INGALLS. 

The  majesty  and  splendor  of  his  eloquence  will  live 
until  this  Republic  shall  have  perished  from  the  face 
of  the  earth.  While  his  style  was  remarkable  for  versa 
tility,  lucidity,  and  ease,  yet  in  affluent,  copious,  and 
graphic  diction  he  has  never  been  surpassed  in  either 
branch  of  Congress.  His  gorgeous  vocabulary,  sparkling 
with  the  brightest  jewels  of  thought,  was  not  excelled 


84  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

by  that  intellectual  giant,  the  imperious  Conkling.  In 
beauty  and  elegance  of  expression,  in  the  logical  and 
analytical  treatment  of  his  subjects,  as  well  as  in  the  har 
monious  arrangement  of  his  sentences,  he  was  the  equal' 
of  that  brilliant  Southerner,  the  gifted  and  knightly 
Lamar. 

He  was  the  perfect  orator. 

His  methods  adapted  themselves  with  singular  felicity 
to  every  class  of  subjects,  whether  lofty  or  familiar,  philo 
sophic  or  forensic.  Nothing  could  exceed  the  exquisite 
taste  of  his  laudatory  orations,  imparting  to  the  subject 
inexpressible  grace  and  delicacy,  and  filling  it  to  reple 
tion  with  philosophical  sentiments,  pathos,  and  tenderness. 
His  extraordinary  facility  of  speech  enabled  him  to  express 
the  most  novel  and  abstruse  ideas  with  rhythmical  pre 
cision  and  exuberant  richness;  but  in  philippics  his 
talents  were  displayed  to  the  best  advantage.  Ardently 
patriotic  himself,  personally  and  officially  clean  handed,  of 
dogged  courage,  daring  and  aggressive  in  action,  impa 
tient  of  every  form  of  sham,  despising  frauds,  hating 
humbugs,  with  the  biting  sarcasm  of  a  Tom  Reed  and 
the  exasperating  wit  of  a  Thad  Stevens,  he  was,  when 
occasion  required  him  to  strike,  terrific  in  exposing  a 
hypocrite  or  in  flaying  a  political  enemy  well-nigh  to 
death.  In  the  acuteness  of  his  perceptions  he  had  no 
superior ;  and  no  man  was  his  peer  in  the  earnestness 
with  which  he  pressed  an  advantage,  or  the  adroitness 
with  which  he  repelled  the  attacks  of  all  opponents,  no 
matter  the  guise  they  wore  or  the  quarter  from  whence 
they  came. 


John  James  lugalls.  85 

After  a  senseless  political  upheaval  had  retired  him 
from  the  Senate  a  friend  who  knew  him  intimately  and 
loved  him  fondly  described  him  thus: 

As  an  orator  he  was  never  tiresome;  as  a  politician  he  never  strad 
dled;  as  a  partisan  he  never  strained  his  fealty.  He  did  not  prose  and 
drone  to  empty  benches;  he  did  not  depopulate  the  galleries;  he  did 
not  drive  his  brother  Senators  into  exile.  He  neither  rested  his  own 
mind  nor  permitted  the  minds  of  his  hearers  to  repose  while  he  was 
speaking.  He  charged  the  air  with  intellectual  ozone. 

There  was  nothing  little,  or  dull,  or  insincere  about 
the  man.  "He  dwelt  not  in  the  gutter.  He  sought  his 
quarry  in  the  opalescent  empyrean  and  struck  and  slew 
it  there."  But  he  engages  our  affections  by  the  integrity 
of  his  public  conduct,  the  purity  of  his  private  life,  the 
loyalty  of  his  personal  friendships,  and  the  warmth  of 
his  domestic  attachments.  Such  a  legacy  is  priceless. 
"The  topaz  of  Ethiopia  shall  not  equal  it;  neither  shall 
it  be  valued  with  pure  gold." 

Mr.  Speaker,  our  characters  are  formed  and  sustained 
by  ourselves,  by  our  own  actions  and  purposes,  and  not 
by  what  others  may  think  or  say  or  do. 

When  the  fortunes  of  political  warfare  turned  against 
JOHN  J.  INGALLS,  he  was  patient,  forbearing,  and  re 
signed  on  philosophic  principles. 

His  disciplined  intellect  taught  him  to  submit  to  the 
inevitable  and  irreparable,  because  he  believed  in  destiny. 
Misfortunes  could  not  overwhelm  him.  His  life  had 
been  adorned,  elevated,  and  ennobled  by  the  pursuit  of 
worthy  ends.  He  had  not  drifted  about  like  a  rudder 
less  ship,  buffeted  by  the  winds  of  circumstances  and 
entirely  at  the  mercy  of  the  waves.  He  had  not  with 


86  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

folded  arms  waited  for  opportunities,  but  had  labored  so 
faithfully  and  successfully  as  to  attain  golden  results. 

When  the  Alps  intercepted  his  line  of  march,  Napoleon 
said:  "There  shall  be  no  Alps."  When  difficulties  beset 
him,  INGALLS  said,  u  There  shall  be  no  difficulties,"  and 
opposition  vanished  at  his  touch. 

Greatness  has  in  its  lexicon  no  such  word  as  fail.  It 
will  work;  it  must  succeed.  At  the  sunset  of  life  the 
swift-footed  years  brought  before  him  no  array  of  squan 
dered  opportunities. 

His  soul  was  too  great  to  be  wounded  by  the  evil  shafts 
of  fate;  but  he  has — 

Gone  past  the  fret  and  fever  of  life, 

All  of  his  songs  have  been  sung, 

And  his  words  have  been  said; 
And  if  bitterness  lived  in  his  soul  once,  or  strife, 

They  now  are  dead. 

And  to-day,  after  the  lapse  cf  years,  the  Congress  of 
the  United  States  is  proud  to  accept  a  wondrous  likeness, 
chiseled  out  of  Parian  marble,  of  this  great  man  and  give 
it  a  perpetual  abiding  place  in  the  Temple  of  Fame  as 
that  of  Kansas's  honored  son,  who,  while  living,  by  his 
ability,  eloquence,  learning,  patriotism,  and  public  services 
best  ornamented  and  glorified  the  history  of  that  splendid 
Commonwealth. 

' '  Life  and  honor  have  equal  title. ' ' 

In  thus  cherishing  the  memory  of  JOHN  J.  INGALLS, 
Kansas  confers  upon  herself,  her  people,  and  the  nation 
a  merited  and  imperishable  honor.  [Loud  applause.] 


John  James  Ingalls.  87 


Address  of   Mr.  Hamilton,  of  Michigan 

Mr.  SPEAKKR:  In  1864  the  room  in  this  Capitol  now 
known  as  "  Statuary  Hall  "  was  set  apart  as  a  place  to 
which  each  State  might  send  "  the  effigies  of  two  of  her 
chosen  sons  in  marble  or  bronze  to  be  placed  permanently 
here." 

At  most  not  many  may  come  here  to  stand  in  bronze  and 
marble  while  the  ages  go  by. 

What,  then,  are  the  elements  of  greatness  in  JOHN 
JAMES  INGALLS  that  entitle  him  to  come  from  Kansas 
here  and  join  this  marble  and  bronze  society  of  the  super 
latively  select  ? 

It  is  not  because  INGALLS  was  for  eighteen  years  a 
Senator  of  the  United  States  from  the  State  of  Kansas, 
and  while  Senator  was  part  of  the  time  President  pro 
tempore  of  the  Senate,  or  because  he  held  other  offices 
that  Kansas  erects  his  statue  here. 

It  is  not  great  to  hold  political  place.  States  do  not  set 
up  monuments  to  men  who  get  offices. 

It  is  not  greatness  per  se  even  to  be  a  United  States 
Senator.  Very  mediocre  men  have  sometimes  been  United 
States  Senators. 

A  place  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  is  an  oppor 
tunity,  and  to  be  a  Senator  is  great  as  Senators  make  it 
great.  INGALLS  made  it  great. 

His  life  was  part  of  the  annals  of  Kansas  and  part  of 
the  annals  of  our  national  life,  and  he  commanded  the 


88  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

constant  attention  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  for 
many  years. 

As  Guizot  says  of  an  eminent  Frenchman  :  "  He  was 
internally  garnished  with  mind  and  externally  with 
speech." 

He  was  a  student  of  books,  a  student  of  nature,  and  of 
humanity.  He  gave  dignity  and  force  to  language. 

He  was  master  of  "  skillful  dialectic  and  literary  good 
form." 

He  gave  some  things  to  prose  that  the  world  will  not 
willingly  let  die  and  which  have  already  become  classics, 
and  to  poetry  he  added  one  perfect  sonnet. 

Most  things  die,  disintegrate,  and  disappear,  but  "Oppor 
tunity"  will  decorate  the  English  language  as  long  as  it  is 
spoken,  and  if  in  some  far-off  time  it  were  possible  for  our 
language  to  become  a  dead  language  this  sonnet  would  be 
translated  as  an  imperishable  gem. 

His  talent  glittered  sometimes  as  a  diamond  does,  some 
times  as  fire  does,  and  sometimes  as  ice  does. 

His  words  cut  sometimes  like  polished  steel,  or  clung 
and  blistered  like  coals  of  fire,  and  sometimes  they  were 
cold,  acrid,  and  corrosive. 

Always  there  flashed  through  his  matchless  sentences  the 
summer  lightning  play  of  fancy,  and  they  were  pervaded  by 
a  sense  of  humor  which  at  times  invited  sociability  until  it 
sharpened  into  sarcasm. 

And  then  again  he  strung  the  sinews  of  the  mind  to 
energy  and  enterprise,  strengthened  patriotism,  fired  the 
brain,  warmed  the  heart,  and  quickened  conscience. 


John  James  Ingalls.  89 

With  some  orators  and  writers  facts  travel  leaden  footed, 
but  INGALLS  gave  to  facts  life,  color,  vitality,  and  wings. 

As  was  said  of  Burns,  u  his  speech  was  distinguished  by 
always  having  something  in  it." 

There  have  been  greater  lawyers,  greater  poets,  greater 
philosophers,  greater  orators,  and  greater  statesmen  than 
he,  but  INGALLS  swept  law,  philosophy,  poetry  and  state 
craft  into  his  own  intellectual  crucible  and  transformed 
them  into  a  new  intellectual  composite,  stamped  with  his 
own  originality  into  something  unique  and  rare,  and  that 
was  INGALLS. 

For  a  long  time  INGALLS  meant  Kansas  and  Kansas 
meant  INGALLS. 

Once  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  Kansas  being 
attacked  by  a  Senator  from  Pennsylvania,  INGALLS  shot 
back  the  swift  retort  that  Pennsylvania  had  "  produced  but 
two  great  men — Benjamin  Franklin,  of  Massachusetts,  and 
Albert  Gallatin,  of  Switzerland." 

Whether  this  was  true  of  Pennsylvania  or  not,  it  is  true 
that,  among  other  great  men,  Kansas  has  produced  at  least 
one  great  man  from  Massachusetts. 

INGALLS  was  born  in  Middleton,  Mass.,  December  29, 
1833,  and  came  to  Kansas  in  1858,  three  years  before 
Kansas  became  a  State,  allured  by  a  real  estate  agent's 
u  chromatic  triumph  of  lithographed  mendacity." 

INGALLS  had  this  lithograph  framed,  and  it  hung  upon 
the  walls  of  his  home  long  after  Kansas  had  begun  to 
realize  a  greater  prosperity  than  that  with  which  "  the 
Pilgrim  Fathers  of  Kansas,"  in  the  epoch  of  INGALLS'S 


90  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

arrival,  beguiled  "  the  dazzled  vision  of  the  emigrating 
public." 

He  lived  through  the  period  of  blanket  Indians,  "jay- 
hawkers,"  grasshoppers,  and  predatory  politicians. 

He  lived  in  Kansas  and  Kansas  lived  in  him  "  till  death 
had  made  him  marble,"  and  somehow  he  had  absorbed  the 
spirit  of  Kansas,  and  by  his  genius  transmuted,  glorified  it, 
and  gave  it  back  to  Kansas  in  pictures  of  herself  that 
urged  her  people  on  to  nobler  enterprise. 

INGALLS  was  not  only  a  Senator  of  the  United  States 
from  the  State  of  Kansas,  but  he  was  Kansas's  minstrel 
in  prose,  who  told  at  every  Kansas  fireside  the  epic  of  her 
life  and  stirred  the  Kansan  heart  to  pride  and  high 
endeavor. 

Since  then  our  frontier  has  pushed  westward  around  the 
world  to  the  doors  of  the  oldest  civilization,  converting  in 
its  wake  the  sod  house,  the  dugout,  and  the  corral  into 
comfortable  farmhouses,  barns,  and  granaries. 

The  Mississippi  River,  once,  as  Goldwin  Smith  says,  "a 
mental  horizon,  afterwards  a  boundary  line,"  has  become 
a  great  highway,  where  the  ships  of  all  nations  shall  come 
and  go  between  the  Occident  and  the  Orient,  through  the 
Panama  Canal. 

And  of  this  transition  the  life  of  JOHN  J.  INGALLS  was 
a  part. 

His  picture  was  hung  upon  the  walls  of  dugout  and  of 
mansion  and  is  fixed  in  the  memory  of  every  living  man 
and  woman  in  Kansas. 


John  James  Ingalls.  91 

His  words  have  found  a  permanent  lodgment,  not  only 
in  the  literature  of  the  world,  but  in  the  hearts  of  the 
people  of  Kansas,  now  and  for  all  time. 

Hence  Kansas  erects  his  statue  here. 

But  if  Kansas  had  not  set  his  statue  here,  people  would 
have  asked:  "Where  is  IxGALLS?'1  and  would  have  sup 
plied  his  place  with  memory  and  imagination,  as  Cato 
hoped  the  world  would  do  of  him  if  his  statue  were  not 
erected  in  the  Forum. 

We  gather  around  his  statue,  who  was  once  u  emperor 
in  the  realm  of  expression11  in  the  line  of  succession  of 
those  who  reign  by  right  of  genius  and  of  labor.  There 
have  been  others  who  were  greater  than  he,  but  for  a 
time  he  held  the  scepter. 

And  we  seek  to  frame  phrases  of  the  greatest  phrase 
maker  of  his  time. 

We  grope  for  words  of  fitting  eulogy  of  him  whose 
eulogies  rescued  from  oblivion  those  of  whom  he  wrote. 

"  Pictures  and  statues  may  be  made  of  him,  but  he 
returns  no  more  to  the  sun." 

He  died  August  16,  1900,  before  he  began  to  cast  the 
senile  shadow  of  a  robust  past.  ll  Sometimes,  by  living  on, 
the  star  pales.11 

He  died  just  at  the  end  of  summer,  just  at  the  beginning 
of  autumn,  and  a  little  before  winter. 

He  died  near  the  end  of  one  century  and  the  beginning 
of  another,  in  the  midst  of  time,  which,  according  to  man's 
calendar,  is  eternally  beginning  and  ending,  and  yet  is 
without  beginning  and  without  ending  forever. 


92  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

INGALLS  speculated  deeply  on  the  "unending,  endless 
quest"  for  immortality;  but  no  man  realized  more  clearly 
than  he  that  "the  philosopher's  longest  chain  of  deduc 
tions"  reaches  no  conclusion. 

He  realized — none  more  clearly — that,  as  Carlyle  says: 
"  Skepticism  writing  about  belief  may  have  great  gifts,  but 
it  is  really  ultra  vires  there.  It  is  blindness  laying  down 
the  laws  of  optics." 

And  INGALLS  reached  the  conclusion  that  "a  universe 
without  a  God  is  an  intellectual  absurdity  which  reason 
rejects  spontaneously." 

In  his  essay  on  the  "Immortality  of  the  soul"  he  says: 
"If  all  the  letters  in  the  play  of  Hamlet  were  shaken  in  a 
dice  box  and  thown  at  midnight  in  a  tempest  on  the  Desert 
of  Sahara,  they  might  fall  exactly  as  arranged  in  the  drama. 
It  may  be  admitted  that  if  Destiny  kept  on  casting  long 
enough  they  would  inevitably  at  some  time  so  fall,  which 
would  render  the  bard  of  Avon  superfluous  and  unneces 
sary.  But  this  does  not  disturb  our  belief  in  Shakespeare." 

In  June,  1900,  away  from  home,  seeking  the  return  of 
health  which  never  came,  he  wrote :  "I  am  desperately 
tired  and  discouraged  and  homesick  ; "  and  forty  days  later, 
on  his  deathbed,  after  all  the  groping,  speculation,  and 
reasoning  were  over,  he  came  back  to  the  faith  of  little 
children  and  prayed:  "Thy  kingdom  come;  Thy  will  be 
done."  [Loud  applause.] 


John  James  Ing  alls.  93 


Address  of  Mr.  Scott,  of  Kansas 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  In  the  midst  of  Asgard,  the  home  of 
the  old  Norse  gods,  so  the  legend  runs,  there  stood  the 
great  Walhalla,  the  battle  hall.  Its  massive  walls  rose 
skyward  until  the  battlements  and  towers  that  surmounted 
them  were  lost  to  view.  Through  each  of  its  540  doors 
800  men,  mounted  and  mailed,  could  ride  at  once.  To 
this  splendid  and  majestic  hall  came  all  the  warriors 
who  had  fallen  in  battle,  and  there,  in  the  presence  of 
the  great  god  Odin,  the  days  were  spent  in  fencing  and 
tournaments  and  other  kingly  sports,  and  the  nights  in 
feasting  and  song. 

Advancing  enlightenment  and  civilization  have  exacted 
their  penalties,  and  we  can  no  longer  frighten  our  souls 
with  visions  of  u  fierce,  fiery  warriors  that  fight  upon  the 
clouds  in  ranks,  squadrons,  and  right  forms  of  war,"  nor 
charm  our  fancy  with  dreams  of  the  old  gods  at  play. 

And  yet  we  have  our  Walhalla.  The  hard  materialism 
of  this  later  day,  the  garish  light  of  scientific  research 
and  analysis  which  has  robbed  us  of  the  illusions  and 
romance  that  hung  about  the  twilight  of  the  race,  have 
not  banished  from  our  hearts  the  sentiment  of  reverence 
for  the  memory  of  our  country's  mighty  dead.  And  so 
most  fittingly  there  has  been  set  apart  in  this  noble 
structure,  which  is  the  very  heart  of  the  nation,  a  stately 
and  spacious  chamber  to  which  the  States  may  bring  for 


94  Acceptance  of  Stattie  of 

a  loving  and  everlasting  memorial  the  bronze  or  marble 
effigies  of  those  who,  while  they  lived,  were  the  choice 
and  master  spirits  of  their  age.  Hither  have  they  come, 
statesmen,  soldiers,  sages,  to  stand  in  simple  majesty  as 
long  as  stands  the  Republic  for  which  they  wrought  and 
thought,  an  inspiration  forever  to  their  countrymen,  a 
perpetual  witness  of  the  nation's  gratitude  to  those  who 
have  served  her  well. 

Into  this  Hall  of  Remembrance,  into  this  goodly  com 
pany,  Kansas  brings  to-day  the  speaking  likeness  of  one 
who,  more  than  any  other  of  her  sons,  was  the  incarnation 
of  her  sentiments  and  convictions,  her  hopes  and  ambitions 
and  dreams.  For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  was  her 
voice  speaking  to  the  nation,  and  the  voice  never  fell  upon 
reluctant  or  inattentive  ears.  For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a 
century  he  was  her  lover,  unflagging  in  his  devotion,  her 
champion,  challenging  \vith  unwavering  loyalty  all  who 
sought  to  detract  or  defame.  And  now  that  the  voice  is 
still  with  which  he  spoke  his  love  and  loyalty,  she  brings 
here  this  living  likeness  of  his  outer  form  to  stand  through 
all  the  coming  time,  mute  but  eloquent,  a  memorial  of  her 
gratitude  and  pride. 

In  some  small  degree  a  man  is  the  product  of  his  envi 
ronment.  In  much  greater  measure  he  is  the  resultant  of 
ancestral  convictions  and  culture  and  point  of  view.  When 
JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS  went  to  Kansas,  almost  at  the  climax 
of  the  brief  but  bloody  drama  which  proved,  alas,  but  the 
prologue  to  the  stupendous  tragedy  which  was  to  be  played 
out  a  little  later  with  half  a  continent  for  its  stage,  with 
4,000,000  men  for  its  actors,  with  all  the  world  for  specta- 


John  James  Ingalls.  95 

tors,  and  with  the  thunder  of  countless  cannon  for  its 
orchestral  music,  he  found  himself  in  an  environment 
which  fitted  in  well  with  the  ancestral  forces  that  had  gone 
to  the  shaping  of  his  soul.  The  spirit  of  daring  and  adven 
ture  which  drove  his  Viking  forbears  to  the  conquest  of 
Britain,  and  which,  a  thousand  years  later,  impelled  their 
descendants  to  brave  the  dangers  of  a  stormy  and  tempestu 
ous  sea  to  reach  the  doubtful  haven  of  a  new  world,  lived 
again  in  the  youth  who  left  the  quiet  safety  of  the  secluded 
New  England  village  to  face  alone  the  terrors  and  hard 
ships  of  the  savage  and  desolate  frontier.  The  fierce  resent 
ment  against  oppression  and  outrage  which  had  come  down 
through  generations  of  men  who  had  blotted  the  word 
master  out  of  their  vocabulary  was  aroused  anew  by  the 
call  for  help  for  freedom.  The  organizing  instinct  of  a 
race  of  nation  makers,  of  empire  builders,  found  exultant 
exercise  in  the  opportunity  to  have  a  hand  in  laying  the 
foundations  and  shaping  the  destiny  of  a  new  Common 
wealth.  And  in  the  rugged  beauty  of  the  wooded  bluffs 
that  guard  the  eastern  border  of  Kansas,  in  the  vast  stretches 
of  her  limitless  western  plains,  in  the  incomparable  blue  of 
her  arching  skies,  the  poet  in  this  man,  the  development  of 
a  hundred  years  of  refinement  and  culture,  found  a  fascina 
tion  that  never  released  him  from  its  spell. 

And  so  it  is  not  strange,  after  all,  that  this  New  England 
scholar,  patrician  to  his  finger  tips,  born  friend  of  all  the 
luxuries  and  refinements  of  life,  shrinking  instinctively 
from  rudeness  and  violence  as  from  hardship  and  exposure, 
found  himself  at  home  in  Kansas  at  a  time  when  that  name 
was  but  another  word  for  tumult  and  riot  and  disorder. 


96  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

The  fight  for  freedom  exhilarated  him  like  wine.  The  joy 
of  State  building  quickened  all  his  mental  energies.  The 
"  unknown  and  mysterious  solitudes  "  of  the  wide-sweeping 
prairies  stimulated  his  imagination  with  a  power  that  he 
could  not  resist. 

In  his  own  matchless  phrase,  describing  the  fascination 
which  Kansas  exercised  upon  him,  and  upon  all  who  came 
within  her  spell,  he  said  : 

The  Arabs  say  that  he  who  drinks  of  the  waters  of  the  Nile  must  always 
thirst ;  no  other  waters  can  quench  or  satisfy.  So  those  who  have  done 
homage  and  taken  the  oath  of  fealty  to  Kansas  can  never  be  alienated  or 
forsworn.  As  the  gray  and  melancholy  main  to  the  sailor,  as 

the  desert  to  the  Bedouin,  as  the  Alps  to  the  mountaineer,  so  is  Kansas  to 
those  who  love  her. 

But  INGALLS  fitted  Kansas  no  less  than  Kansas  fitted 
him.  Nervous,  energetic,  fond  of  superlatives,  given  to 
extremes,  tremendously  aspiring  and  ambitious,  sometimes 
wrong,  but  always  seeking  to  be  right,  Kansas  recognized 
in  INGALLS  a  kindred  spirit,  for  many  of  her  characteristics 
were  his  also.  He  felt  her  moods;  he  foresaw  her  conclu 
sions;  he  spoke  her  language;  he  satisfied  her  passion  for 
the  picturesque  and  unusual;  he  captured  her  imagination. 
And  though  she  quarreled  with  him  sometimes  and  criti 
cised  him  often,  and  at  the  last,  in  a  period  of  cyclonic 
unrest  and  unreason,  rejected  him,  yet  down  in  her  heart 
she  loved  him  always  and  gloried  in  him  and  was  supremely 
proud  of  him. 

For  eighteen  years  he  was  a  Senator  of  the  United 
States,  and  although  there  were  numbered  among  his 
contemporaries  such  intellectual  and  forensic  giants  as 
Sherman  and  Conkling  and  Elaine  and  Carpenter  and 


John  James  Ingalls.  97 

Hoar  and  Thurman  and  Voorhees  and  Vest  and  Morgan 
and  Hill,  he  did  not  suffer  obscuration  or  eclipse.  In 
the  chair  he  was  a  superb  presiding  officer,  ready,  alert, 
incisive,  impartial.  On  the  floor  the  mere  announcement 
that  INGALLS  was  to  speak  brought  every  Senator  to  his 
seat  and  filled  the  galleries  with  thronging  and  eager  lis 
teners,  and  that,  too,  in  an  age  when  oratory  is  said  to  be  a 
forgotten  art.  In  debate  he  was  aggressive  and  pitiless, 
unsparing  in  attack  and  incredibly  skilled  in  defense,  a 
foeman  of  whom  the  boldest  might  well  beware. 

But  great  as  he  was  on  the  platform  and  in  the  forum, 
it  was  in  the  realm  of  letters  that  he  struck  and  sus 
tained  the  loftiest  notes  in  thought  and  speech  and 
builded  the  most  enduring  monument. 

Those  of  us  whose  good  fortune  it  has  been  to  hear 
him  and  see  him  can  never  forget  the  music  of  that 
marvelous  voice  or  the  light  that  flamed  from  the  won 
derful  eyes  or  the  splendid  poise  of  the  noble,  silver- 
crowned  head,  and  the  glamour  of  his  fascinating 
personality  will  be  thrown  for  us  who  knew  him  over 
all  that  he  wrote  or  spoke,  giving  it  a  special  meaning 
and  significance.  With  the  passing  of  this  generation 
the  memory  of  the  voice  and  eye  and  manner  will  fade, 
and  yet  to  those  who  come  after  us  a  splendid  legacy 
will  remain  to  keep  green  the  memory  of  one  whose 
mastery  of  the  English  tongue  has  not  been  equaled  in 
our  day. 

For  what  a  wizard  with  words  he  was !  No  matter  how 
hackneyed  the  theme  or  how  conventional  the  thought, 

17102—05 7 


98 

he  arrayed  it .  in  such  stately  and  splendid  apparel  that  it 
stands  forth  as  individual  and  distinct  as  if  it  had  never 
before  had  an  existence.  To  select  from  all  the  glittering 
heap  of  his  jewels  one  gem  that  shines  with  a  purer  ray 
than  the  others  is  not  an  easy  task,  and  yet  whenever  I 
take  up  his  writings  I  find  myself  turning  always  to  the 
story  of  the  grass : 

Grass  is  the  forgiveness  of  nature — her  constant  benediction.  Fields 
trampled  with  battle,  saturated  with  blood,  torn  with  the  ruts  of  cannon, 
grow  green  again  with  grass,  and  carnage  is  forgotten.  Streets  abandoned 
by  traffic  become  grass-grown,  like  rural  lanes,  and  are  obliterated.  Forests 
decay,  harvests  perish,  flowers  vanish,  but  grass  is  immortal.  Beleagured 
by  the  sullen  hosts  of  winter,  it  withdraws  into  the  impregnable  fortress 
of  its  subterranean  vitality  and  emerges  upon  the  first  solicitation  of  spring. 
Sown  by  the  winds,  by  wandering  birds,  propagated  by  the  subtle  horti 
culture  of  the  elements,  which  are  its  ministers  and  servants,  it  softens  the 
rude  outline  of  the  world.  Its  tenacious  fibers  hold  the  earth  in  its  place, 
and  prevent  its  soluble  components  from  washing  into  the  wasting  sea. 
It  invades  the  solitary  deserts,  climbs  the  inaccessible  slopes  and  forbid 
ding  pinnacles  of  mountains,  modifies  climates,  and  determines  the  history, 
character,  and  destiny  of  nations.  Unobtrusive  and  patient,  it  has  immortal 
vigor  and  aggression.  Banished  from  the  thoroughfare  and  the  field,  it 
bides  its  time  to  return,  and  when  vigilance  has  relaxed,  or  the  dynasty 
has  perished,  it  silently  resumes  the  throne  from  which  it  has  been  expelled, 
but  which  it  never  abdicates. 

I  do  not  know  anything  in  English  prose  sweeter  and 
finer  than  that,  and  I  do  not  know  anything  stronger  and 
richer  in  English  poetry  than  the  single  sonnet,  "Oppor- 
tuity,"  with  which  he  enriched  the  literature  of  all  com 
ing  time. 

Master  of  human  destinies  am  I ! 

Fame,  love,  and  fortune  on  my  footsteps  wait. 

Cities  and  fields  I  walk;  I  penetrate 

Deserts  and  seas  remote,  and  passing  by 

Hovel  and  mart  and  palace,  soon  or  late 

I  knock  unbidden  once  at  every  gate ! 

If  sleeping,  wake;  if  feasting,  rise  before 


John  James  Ingalls.  99 

I  turn  away.     It  is  the  hour  of  fate, 

Ami  they  who  follow  me  reach  every  state 

Mortals  desire,  and  conquer  every  foe 

Save  death;  but  those  who  doubt  or  hesitate, 

Condemned  to  failure,  penury,  and  woe, 

Seek  me  in  vain  and  uselessly  implore. 

I  answer  not,  and  I  return  no  more ! 

That  the  shadow  of  oblivion  should  ever  fall  upon  the 
memory  of  the  man  who  added  such  perfect  notes  to  the 
world's  harmony  is  unbelievable. 

He  knew  language,  one  of  his  friends  said,  as  the  devout  Moslem  knew 
his  Koran.  All  the  deeps  and  shadows  of  the  sea  of  words  had  been 
sounded  and  surveyed  by  him  and  duly  marked  upon  the  chart  of  his 
great  mentality.  In  the  presence  of  an  audience  he  was  a  magician 
like  those  of  Egypt ;  under  the  power  of  his  magic  syllables  became 
scorpions,  an  inflection  became  an  indictment,  and  with  words  he  builded 
temples  of  thought  that  excited  at  first  the  wonder  and  at  all  times  the 
admiration  of  the  world  of  literature  and  statesmanship.  He  was  emperor 
in  the  realm  of  expression.  The  Knglish-speaking  people  will  listen  long 
before  again  they  hear  the  harmony  born  of  that  perfect  fitting  of  phrase 
to  thought  that  marked  he  utterances  of  JOHN  J.  INOALLS. 

The  one  sure  test  of  the  worthiness  of  a  man  to  hold 
high  place  is  to  note  the  level  to  which  he  rises  or  sinks 
when  retired  to  private  life.  The  man  who  drifts  into 
unnoted  obscurity  when  no  longer  buoyed  up  by  an  impor 
tant  office,  thereby  demonstrates  that  it  was  the  office 
which  brought  the  man  into  view,  and  not  the  man  who 
exalted  the  office.  Senator  I  NO  ALLS  stood  this  test. 
Thrust  from  the  commanding  eminence  of  the  greatest 
earthly  parliament,  he  lost  not  one  line  of  his  stature. 
Great  newspapers  were  eager  to  put  him  upon  their  staff  at 
twice  the  salary  he  had  received  as  Senator.  Magazine 
editors  besieged  him  for  articles  and  lyceum  managers  lay 
in  wait  to  allure  him  onto  the  lecture  platform.  In  all  the 
cities  of  the  land  where  he  could  be  induced  to  speak  the 


TOO. 

people  thronged  to  hear  him,  and  what  he  wrote  was 
sought  for  by  his  countrymen  with  imdiminished  interest. 
And  so  his  star  never  waned,  but  grew  brighter  and 
brighter  until  suddenly,  and  all  too  soon,  it  swept  below 
the  horizon  of  this  life  to  rise  upon  another  world. 

I  have  spoken  of  ING  ALLS,  the  public  man — the  Senator, 
the  writer,  the  lecturer — the  man  whom  all  the  world  knew. 
To  speak  of  him  as  the  husband  and  father,  the  citizen 
and  friend,  I  shall  not  venture,  although  I  knew  him  well. 
Fearless,  positive,  aggressive,  armed  always  and  ready  to 
deliver  as  well  as  receive  attack,  it  was  inevitable  that  he 
should  excite  strong  antagonism,  and  while  he  lived  the 
tongue  of  calumny  was  rarely  silent.  There  were  those 
who  said  he  was  cynical  and  selfish.  I  only  know  that 
one  of  his  neighbors  said:  "  The  light  in  the  windows  of 
Atchison  went  out  when  INGALLS  died."  There  were 
those  who  said  he  was  indifferent  and  cold-hearted.  I  only 
know  that  his  children  adored  him  as  much  as  they  honored 
him,  and  that  to  the  wife  of  his  youth  he  remained  to  the 
end  a  hero  and  a  lover.  There  were  those  who  said  he 
was  a  scoffer  and  a  misbeliever.  I  only  know  that  one 
early  summer  morning,  as  the  rosy  fingers  of  the  dawn 
were  lifting  the  sable  curtains  from  the  somber  New 
Mexico  hills,  with  his  hand  in  the  hand  of  his  true  love 
and  his  fainting  lips  repeating  after  her  his  childood 
prayer — "Our  Father  who  art  in  heaven  " —he  fell  asleep. 

All  that  was  mortal  of  him  lies  within  the  soil  of  the 
State  he  loved  so  wrell,  in  the  city  of  the  home  which 
was  the  shrine  of  his  life's  devotion,  which  he  left  always 
with  regret  and  to  which  he  returned  with  joy.  Some- 


John  James  IitgaUs.  101 

where  in  God's  universe,  in  the  undiscovered  country,  his 
serene  soul  rests — and  waits. 

And  Kansas,  "who  was  first  in  his  hours  of  triumph, 
who  shared  his  well-won  laurels,  who  basked  in  the 
sunlight  of  his  success  and  partook  of  the  fruits  of  his 
victories,"  brings  to-day  to  the  nation's  Hall  of  Fame  this 
marble  likeness  of  his  outer  form  as  a  perpetual  witness 
of  her  love  and  pride.  Other  men  have  rendered  Kansas 
noble  service.  Other  men  will  win  her  affection  and  good 
will.  But  deep  in  her  heart,  as  she  remembers  all  the 
pride  and  exultation  that  swelled  her  soul  in  the  old 
days  when  men  spoke  the  name  of  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS, 
she  will  exclaim  with  Hamlet: 

He  was  a  man,  take  him  for  all  in  all, 
I  shall  not  look  upon  his  like  again. 

[Loud  applause.] 


io2  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 


Address  of  Mr.  Campbell,  of  Kansas 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  The  consideration  of  appropriations, 
revision,  rates,  and  rebates  is  laid  aside  the  while  we  reflect 
upon  death,  and  attempt,  in  the  only  way  we  can,  to 
give  immortality  to  life.  The  ceremonies  of  this  hour  deal 
with  the  fact  of  death  and  the  question  of  immortality. 

Everywhere,  in  field  and  mart  and  from  the  cradle  to 
the  grave,  life  is  at  war  with  death.  It  is  an  unequal 
encounter.  The  millions  who  have  come  involuntarily  to 
the  cradle  have  gone  involuntarily  to  the  grave.  The 
strong  are  as  impotent  in  the  struggle  as  the  weak. 
Thrones  and  empires  are  not  citadels  of  defense  for  kings 
and  emperors.  The  hovel  and  the  shack  furnish  no  refuge 
for  the  poor  and  helpless.  Soon  or  late,  all  lie  down 
together  in  the  "democracy  of  the  grave." 

Senator  INGALLS  has  tried  the  problem  of  life  and  solved 
the  mystery  of  death.  While  busy  with  care,  anxiety, 
hate,  love,  ambition,  he  often  paused  to  ask  with  the  sages, 
philosophers,  and  prophets  of  the  ages,  "If  a  man  die,  shall 
he  live  again?" 

There  has  ever  been,  and  is,  much  consolation  in  the  fact 
that  the  question  of  the  soul's  immortality  is  not  left  for 
answer  to  the  wise,  whose  bodies  rest  in  abbeys  of  renown 
and  whose  statues  adorn  halls  of  fame,  more  than  to  the 
simple  who  come  and  go  without  the  notice  of  the  pass 
ing  crowd.  To  the  innumerable  multitude  "  the  heavens 


Jo/in  James  Ingalls.  103 

declare  the  glory  of  (kxl,  and  the  firinainent  showeth 
His  handiwork;"  to  the  great  throng  ''succeeding  days 
are  eloquent  with  speech  and  night  unto  night  resplendent 
with  knowledge."  Though  there  is  no  voice  or  language, 
immortality  is  written  everywhere  upon  the  earth  and  in 
the  heavens. 

May  we  not  hope  that  all  the  countless  dead  now  know 
the  truth  declared  by  Jesus  of  Nazareth,  that  the  soul  shall 
never  die?  If  it  were  not  so,  why  this  effort  to  perpetuate 
in  marble  an  effigy  of  dust?  Why  did  he,  to  whose  image 
we  give  fame,  devote  so  much  of  time  and  draw  upon  so 
much  talent  to  rear  for  himself  a  monument  that  shall 
remain  when  the  marble  we  unveil  shall  be  veiled  again 
with  the  dust  and  ashes  of  ages? 

The  drapery  of  night  is  hung  from  the  horizon  with  a 
star. 

I  had  no  personal  acquaintance  with  Senator  INGALLS, 
and  saw  him  only  a  few  times,  but  I  have  always  been 
proud  of  the  fact  that  he  was  a  Kansan  and  loved  Kansas. 

It  has  been  said  of  him  that  during  his  eighteen  years' 
service  in  the  Senate  he  did  not  frame  or  secure  the  passage 
of  an  important  measure.  However  that  may  be,  he  did 
enough ;  enough  at  once  for  his  own  fame  and  for  the 
glory  of  his  State — "Satis,  Satis  est,  quod  vixit,  vel  ad 
aetatem,  vel  ad  gloriam." 

He  excelled  in  everything  he  did.  There  was  nothing 
to  be  said  when  he  was  done  with  eulogy ;  nothing  could 
be  added  when  he  finished  invective.  He  was  master  of 
English,  whether  speaking  or  writing.  His  friends 
listened  with  pleasure  and  his  foes  with  admiration  when 


104  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

he  addressed  the  Senate.  His  words  were  so  fashioned  into 
clauses  and  periods,  paragraphs  and  orations,  that  what  he 
said  was  alike  intelligible  to  the  crowd  and  entertaining 
to  the  critic. 

An  old  man,  who  had  been  a  visitor  to  the  Senate 
gallery  for  a  period  covering  forty  years,  said,  soon  after 
INGALLS'S  retirement:  u  ING  ALLS,  of  Kansas,  attracted 
greater  audiences,  both  to  the  floor  and  the  galleries,  when 
he  spoke  than  any  Senator  who  had  been  a  member  in 
forty  years,  and  none  ever  presided  over  the  delibera 
tions  of  that  great  body  with  greater  ease  and  dignity 
than  he."  A  woman  who  has  lived  in  Washington  ever 
since  INGALLS  entered  the  Senate  said  a  few  days  ago 
she  had  never  heard  him  make  a  speech  that  had  been 
announced.  The  galleries  were  always  crowded  when 
she  arrived. 

I  shall  leave  a  delineation  of  his  character  and  a  re 
view  of  his  work  to  those  who  knew  him  better  than  I. 

Kansas  honored  INGALLS  and  INGALLS  honored  Kansas. 

Few  loved  him,  many  feared  him,  but  all  admired  him. 
He  loved  his  home  and  was  bound  by  its  ties.  He  loved 
his  State  and  gloried  in  its  history.  He  loved  his  coun 
try  and  was  devoted  to  its  institutions.  He  returned  too 
early  to  the  skies. 

[Loud  applause.] 


John  James  Ingalls.  105 


Address  of  Mr.  Miller,  of  Kansas 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  The  world's  post-mortem  estimate  of 
man's  character  is  not  usually  in  harmony  with  its  ante- 
mortem  conception.  It  is  only  when  prejudice,  factional 
feelings,  and  jealousies  have  been  stilled  by  the  hand  of 
death  that  man's  correct  measure  is  taken.  It  is  then  he  is 
viewed  in  the  impartial  light  of  history,  neither  glamour 
nor  gloom  lending  tint  to  the  true  estimate  of  his  character 
and  worth  as  a  man  and  citizen.  It  is  then  the  merited 
recognition  is  bestowed  that  rarely  comes  to  him  while  in 
the  midst  of  his  activities,  and  at  last  he  is  awarded  his 
true  place  in  hearts  and  memories,  and  he  lives  on.  To 
live  thus  is  not  to  die,  and  to  any  man  it  is  a  priceless 
monument.  But  to  those  whom  a  nation  delights  to  honor, 
who  have  made  their  impress  for  good  upon  their  country's 
history,  and  who,  in  a  measure,  belong  to  all  her  people,  it 
is  indeed  fitting  that  their  deeds  should  be  commemorated 
by  public  ceremonies  and  their  memories  perpetuated  in 
marble  and  bronze  to  inspire  patriotism  in  the  hearts  of 
future  generations. 

In  pursuance  of  this  idea  a  law  was  enacted  by  Congress 
in  1864  authorizing  the  President  to  invite  all  States  to 
furnish  statues  in  marble  or  bronze,  not  exceeding  two  in 
number  for  each  State,  of  deceased  persons  who  have  been 
citizens  thereof  and  illustrious  for  their  historic  renown  or 
for  distinguished  civic  or  military  services,  to  be  placed  in 
the  National  Statuarv  Hall. 


io6  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

In  compliance  with  this  resolution,  Mr.  Speaker,  Kansas 
has  presented  and  asks  Congress  to  accept  a  marble  statue 
of  her  illustrious  son,  JOHN  JAMES  INGALLS,  the  scholar, 
writer,  orator,  and  statesman. 

The  facts  in  connection  with  the  early  history  of  Mr. 
INGALLS  and  his  ancestry  have  a  significant  bearing  upon 
his  public  career.  He  was  born  in  Middleton,  Mass., 
December  29,  1833,  of  unmixed  Puritan  ancestry,  and  the 
eldest  of  a  family  of  nine  children. 

On  his  father's  side  he  was  descended  from  Edmund 
Ingalls,  who,  coming  from  England,  founded  the  city  of 
Lynn  in  1628.  And  through  his  mother  his  ancestry  in 
this  country  goes  back  to  Aquila  Chase,  who  settled  in  New 
Hampshire  about  1630.  His  parents  were  high  types  of 
the  English  Puritan,  his  father  being  a  man  of  unusual 
intelligence.  Doubtless  from  -him  his  son  inherited  those 
mental  activities  that  characterized  his  entire  life.  It  is 
said  that  at  the  age  of  2  years  the  child  INGALLS  could 
read  understandingly. 

His  school  life  began  in  the  public  schools  of  Haverhill. 
At  1 6  he  was  under  the  instruction  of  a  private  tutor,  and 
at  the  same  time  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  literary 
magazines  and  to  local  metropolitan  newspapers.  Among 
the  former  was  the  Knickerbocker  Magazine  and  the  Carpet 
Bag,  published  by  B.  P.  Shillaber,  commonly  known  as 
"Mrs.  Partington." 

He  was  a  graduate  of  Williams  College  in  1855,  and 
twenty-five  years  later  his  alma  mater  chose  him  to  deliver 
the  annual  address  and  at  this  time  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  doctor  of  laws. 


John  James  Ingalls.  107 

He  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law  in  1857,  and  in 
1858  he  went  to  the  Territory  of  Kansas.  Of  this  event 
he  said : 

Mv  studies  completed,  I  joined  the  uninterrupted  and  resistless  column 
of  volunteers  that  marched  to  the  lands  of  the  free. 

It  was  the  mission  of  the  pioneer  with  his  plow  to  abolish  the  frontier 
and  to  subjugate  the  desert.  One  has  become  a  Ixmndary  and  the  other 
an  oasis.  But  with  so  much  acquisition  something  has  been  lost  for  which 
there  is  no  equivalent.  He  is  unfortunate  who  has  never  felt  the  fascina 
tion  of  the  frontier;  the  temptation  of  unknown  and  mysterious  solitudes; 
the  exultation  of  helping  to  build  a  State,  of  forming  its  institutions,  and 
giving  direction  to  its  cause. 

Mr.  INT.ALLS  gave  to  Kansas  the  first  affection  of  his 
young  manhood.  He  loved  Kansas  from  the  day  he 
crossed  the  invisible  line  that  separates  her  from  Missouri 
until  the  night  he  crossed  that  other  invisible  line  that 
separates  time  from  eternity.  Next  to  wife  and  family, 
Kansas  was  first  in  his  thoughts  when  honors  were  be 
stowed  upon  him  and  the  world  applauded.  Kansas  was 
last  in  his  thoughts  when  life's  fitful  fever  ebbing  low  his 
tired  heart  yearned  for  home  and  Kansas. 

And  how  could  it  be  otherwise,  when  for  forty  years  the 
threads  of  his  life  had  been  woven  in  the  warp  and  woof 
of  the  State  he  had  aided  in  an  unparalleled  struggle  for 
freedom;  the  State  he  had  been  a  factor  in  as  her  prairies 
were  transformed  into  fruitful  farms,  with  churches  and 
schoolhouses  on  even-  hillside,  and  with  prosperous  towns 
dotting  her  81,000  square  miles  of  territory.  What  won 
der  his  heart  yearned  for  the  State  he  had  helped  make 
a  really  great  State,  for,  in  the  language  of  Governor  Hoch, 

The  real  greatness  of  a  State  is  not  measured  by  its  territorial  extent, 
not  by  its  material  resources,  but  by  its  code  of  laws  and  by  the  character 
of  its  people.  Nowhere  has  advancing  civilization  crystallized  in  better 
government,  or  flowered  in  a  higher  citizenship.  Illiteracy  has  found  its 
lowest  j>ercentage  here,  and  crime  its  most  meager  statistics. 


io8  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

This  is  the  Kansas  Mr.  INGALLS  loved.  He  was  present 
at  her  birth  and  imbibed  her  spirit  of  liberty,  and  it  was 
this  State,  his  choice  of  all  the  nation's  Commonwealths, 
that  he  sought  to  crown  with  glory  during  all  the  years  of 
his  manhood. 

That  Mr.  INGALLS  should  be  reckoned  with  as  a  power 
in  politics  and  that  he  should  be  a  potent  factor  in  framing 
the  State  constitution  in  the  Wyandotte  convention  in 
1859,  was  inevitable.  His  keenness  of  penetrability, 
promptness  in  decision,  honesty  of  purpose,  unswerving 
loyalty  to*  what  he  believed  to  be  right,  absolute  fearless 
ness  and  independence  of  thought  and  action,  with  his 
intense  nature,  made  his  a  positive  character  and  him  a 
representative  man. 

And  there  he  stands  in  memory  to  this  day,  erect  and  self-poised — 
A  witness  to  the  ages  as  they  pass, 
That  simple  duty  hath  no  place  for  fear. 

In  1872,  when  the  turn  of  fortune's  wheel  inserted  a 
dramatic  chapter  in  the  history  of  this  State  of  conflict, 
where,  from  the  beginning  of  her  history,  every  advance 
step  has  been  combated,  it  was  again  inevitable  that  Mr. 
INGALLS  should  be  chosen  to  enter  the  breach,  by  the  joint 
branches  of  the  legislature ;  and  thus  begin  a  career  in  the 
United  States  Senate,  unprecedented  and  unparalleled. 

The  finger  of  destiny  had  long  pointed  in  tHis  direction. 
As  a  close  student  of  politics,  as  editor  of  the  Atchison 
Champion,  and  as  a  member  of  the  State  senate,  Mr. 
INGALLS  was  being  prepared  for  the  high  obligations  this 
election  placed  upon  him.  For  almost  twenty  years  he 
was  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  figures  at  the  nation's 


J oil  ii  James  I  Kg  alls.  109 

Capitol,  always  serving  his  State  and  country  with  self- 
reliant  courage  and  faithfully  performing  his  duties  as 
chairman  of  Committee  on  Pensions;  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  and  of  Special  Committee  on  Bankrupt  Law;  as 
a  member  of  the  Judiciary,  Indian  Affairs,  Privileges  and 
Elections,  Education  and  Labor,  and  of  many  other  special 
committees. 

Among  the  many  Members  of  both  Houses  of  Congress 
who  have  championed  the  cause  of  the  soldier  of  this 
Republic  the  soldiers  themselves  owe  to  none  a  deeper  debt 
of  gratitude  than  to  Senator  INGALLS,  who  at  all  times 
while  in  public  life  was  earnest  and  untiring  to  secure  for 
those  men  who  had  imperiled  life  and  health  to  save  the 
nation  the  relief  to  which  he  thought  they  were  justly 
entitled. 

He  was  the  author  of  the  arrears  act,  which  was  the 
means  of  giving  $200,000,000  to  the  surviving  veterans  of 
the  civil  war.  This  act  was  of  inestimable  value,  particu 
larly  to  the  people  of  the  West,  for  more  than  $10,000,000 
received  as  the  result  of  this  legislation  was  devoted  to  the 
lifting  of  mortgages  and  the  saving  of  homesteads  of  the 
people  of  Kansas  and  other  Western  States.  This  act  alone 
will  stand  as  a  monument  to  its  author  in  the  hearts  of 
the  loyal  and  patriotic  people  of  this  country  as  long  as 
one  of  her  soldiers  live. 

Senator  INGALLS  was  a  pioneer  upon  advanced  ideas. 
He  was  at  all  times  a  friend  of  labor  and  agriculture ;  was 
an  earnest  advocate  of  legislation  against  trusts,  combina 
tions,  and  monopolies,  and  as  early  as  1880  he  was  an 
earnest  advocate  of  a  canal  connecting  the  two  oceans, 


no  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

thereby  providing  for  cheaper  transportation  of  our  products 
to  a  foreign  market. 

After  the  passage  of  the  electoral  commission  bill,  which 
provided  for  a  settlement  of  the  contest  between  Hayes  and 
Tilden,  Senator  INGALLS  was  designated  with  Senator 
Allison,  of  Iowa,  as  one  of  the  tellers,  and  thus  the  senior 
Senator  from  Kansas  was  identified  with  what  Senator 
Edmunds  said  was  "a  dispute  probably  as  great  as  ever 
existed  in  the  world  under  the  law." 

From  1887  to  '1889  Mr.  INGALLS  was  President  pro 
tempore  of  the  Senate.  Seven  times  an  election  to  this 
high  office  came  to  him  unanimously,  and  in  the  perform 
ance  of  the  duties  of  this  position  he  always  displayed 
the  utmost  dignity,  impartiality,  and  courtesy.  A  past 
master  of  debate  and  repartee,  he  constantly  demonstrated 
the  most  thorough  knowledge  of  parliamentary  procedure. 

On  his  retirement  the  following  resolution  was  adopted 
by  his  colleagues: 

Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  the  Senate  are  due  and  are  hereby  ten 
dered  to  Hon.  JOHN  J.  INGAHS,  Senator  from  the  State  of  Kansas,  for  the 
eminently  courteous,  dignified,  able,  and  absolutely  impartial  manner  in 
which  he  has  presided  over  the  deliberations  and  performed  the  duties  of 
President  pro  tempore  of  the  Senate. 

The  Senate,  as  a  further  testimonial  of  its  appreciation, 
presented  him  with  the  clock  which  had  marked  the 
time  for  that  body  from  1852  to  1890. 

I  quote  from  Mr.  INGALLS'S  farewell  speech  to  the 
Senate  as  its  presiding  officer,  as  follows: 

Senators,  gratitude  impels  and  usage  permits  the  Chair  to  postpone  for 
an  instant  the  moment  of  our  separation  to  acknowledge  the  honor  of 
your  resolution  of  confidence  and  approval. 


John  James  Itigalls.  1 1 1 

But  justice  demands  the  admission  that  if  the  Chair  has  succeeded  in 
the  delicate  and  important  duties  of  his  position;  if  order  has  been  main 
tained  in  debate;  if  laws  have  been  impartially  administered;  if  prompt 
ness,  facility,  and  correctness  in  the  transaction  of  public  business  have 
been  secured;  if  the  traditions  of  the  Senate,  which  are  its  noblest  herit 
age,  have  been  preserved  inviolate,  it  is  due  to  your  considerate  indul 
gence,  to  your  cordial  and  constant  cooperation.  Without  these  the  greatest 
abilities  could  not  succeed;  with  these  the  humblest  faculties  could  not  fail. 

Mr.  Speaker,  am  I  asked  why  Kansas  has  chosen  JOHN 
J.  ING  ALLS  as  her  first  illustrious  son  to  be  represented 
in  Statuary  Hall  ?  Is  it  because,  as  has  been  said,  "  he 
was  one  of  the  most  unique,  brilliant,  and  notable  figures 
in  American  politics?" 

This  and  more.  His  was  a  many-sided  character.  He- 
was  a  scholar,  with  all  the  refined  taste  and  instincts  of 
the  scholar. 

He  possessed  a  prolific,  active  mind  that  worked  likr 
the  play  of  lightning. 

In  his  correct  and  scholarly  use  of  language,  concise 
and  exhaustive  treatment  of  every  subject  claiming  his 
attention,  his  ready  wit  and  repartee,  his  keen  invective 
and  biting  sarcasm,  he  stands  without  a  peer. 

In  debate  he  was  a  gladiator.  In  conversation  he  was 
the  genial,  fluent  speaker  and  earnest  and  sympathetic 
listener,  of  whom  it  was  said,  "  Whether  he  was  conversing 
with  a  solemn  thinker,  a  woman,  or  a  loyear-old  boy, 
he  always  adapted  himself  to  circumstances." 

It  has  been  further  said  of  him: 

He  knew  language  as  the  devout  Moslem  knew  his  Koran.  All  the 
deeps  and  shallows  of  the  sea  of  words  have  been  sounded  and  surveyed 
by  him  and  duly  marked  upon  the  chart  of  his  great  mentality.  In  the 
presence  of  an  audience  he  was  a  magician  like  those  of  Egypt;  under  the 
power  of  his  magic,  syllables  became  scorpions,  an  inflection  became  an 
indictment;  and  with  words  he  builded  temples  of  thought  that  excited  at 


ii2  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

first  the  wonder  and  at  all  times  the  admiration  of  the  world  of  literature 
and  statesmanship.  He  was  emperor  in  the  realm  of  expression.  The 
English-speaking  people  will  listen  long  before  again  they  hear  the  har 
mony  born  of  that  perfect  fitting  of  phrase  to  thought  that  marked  the 
utterances  of  JOHN  J.  INGALLS. 

INGALLS  was  a  great  man.  Emerson  says  of  such  an 
one: 

I  count   him  a   great  man  who   inhabits  a   higher   sphere  of   thought 
into   which   other   men   rise   with   labor   and   with   difficulty.      * 
Who  is  what  he  is  from  nature  and  never  reminds  us  of  others. 

Wade  Hampton,  the  soul  of  honor  and  a  lover  of 
courtesy,  said  that  he  was  a  man  of  rare  genius  and  one 
of  the  most  companionable  of  men. 

Maj.  Henry  Inman  gave  the  following  estimate  of  Mr. 
INGALLS: 

For  eighteen  years,  in  the  most  illustrious  deliberative  assembly  of 
modern  times,  his  speeches  have  attracted  the  closest  attention  of  the 
people  by  their  fearless  expression  of  thought,  elegance  of  diction,  phe 
nomenal  phraseology,  and  forcible  style. 

As  a  parliamentarian  he  was  without  a  superior,  for  a  longer  period 
presiding  over  the  deliberations  of  the  Senate  than  any  one  man  as  its 
President  pro  tempore.  Receiving  the  unanimous  vote  of  both  parties  for 
the  position,  is  an  unparalleled  tribute  to  his  impartiality,  ability,  and 
familiarity  with  rules,  precedents,  and  fine  points  in  parliamentary  law. 

As  a  designer  of  sentences  he  was  incomparable.  There  are  other 
Americans  who  are  more  eloquent  in  the  rigid  acceptation  of  the  term, 
but  in  description,  vigor,  sparkling,  passionate  use  of  the  English  lan 
guage  he  occupies  a  position  sui  generis.  He  was  the  Cicero  of  his  gener 
ation;  master  of  that  most  effective  oratorical  attribute  in  debate,  sarcasm, 
but  absolutely  devoid  of  the  inordinate  vaunting  of  his  own  powers, 
which  so  marred  the  brilliancy  of  the  immortal  Roman. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  fascinating  of  writers.  To  his  purely  literary 
work  he  brought  all  the  brilliancy  of  his  oratory,  magnificent  construc 
tion  of  sentences,  wealth  of  phraseology. 

Charles  S.  Gleed  said  of  him: 

His  voice  was  a  polished  ramrod  of  sound,  without  fur  or  feathers, 
traversing  space  as  swiftly  as  light,  without  a  whir  or  flutter,  as  if  shot 
by  an  explosive  of  inconceivable  power. 


John  James  Ingalls.  113 

In  any  age  of  the  world's  history  Mr.  INGALLS  would 
have  been  distinguished.  In  the  days  of  Desmosthenes 
he  would  have  taken  high  rank  as  an  orator;  in  the  days 
of  Shakespeare  or  Milton  he  would  have  been  recognized 
as  a  writer  of  the  first  rank. 

When  the  printed  words  that  have  for  a  time  claimed 
the  world's  attention  are  lost  in  oblivion,  there  will  live 
with  the  sonnets  of  Shakespeare,  Milton,  and  Mrs.  Brown 
ing,  INGALLS'S  sonnet: 

OPPORTUNITY 

Master  of  human  destinies  am  I ! 

Fame,  love,  and  fortune  on  my  footsteps  wait. 

Cities  and  fields  I  walk;  I  penetrate 

Deserts  and  seas  remote,  and  passing  by 

Hovel  and  mart  and  palace,  soon  or  late 

I  knock  unhidden  once  at  every  gate. 

If  sleeping,  wake;  if  feasting,  rise  before 

I  turn  away.     It  is  the  hour  of  fate, 

And  they  who  follow  me  reach  every  state 

Mortals  desire,  and  conquer  every  foe 

Save  death;  but  those  who  doubt  or  hesitate, 

Condemned  to  failure,  penury,  and  woe, 

Seek  me  in  vain  and  uselessly  implore. 

I  answer  not,  and  I  return  no  more ! 

Such  was  Mr.  INGALLS  as  the  world  knew  him.  By 
many  he  was  regarded  as  cold,  austere,  forbidding,  but  to 
the  few  who  were  able  to  see  through  the  outer  man 
there  came  glimpses  of  the  spring  of  affection  that 
sparkled  and  bubbled  continually,  giving  a  calm  and 
peaceful  undertone  to  his  life.  This  was  the  inner  man 
and  the  one  known  within  the  sacred  home  circle  where 
life  was  ideal  and  where  the  beloved  and  loving  com 
panion  was  his  most  trusted  friend  and  counselor  and 
whose  unwavering  confidence  in  him  was  his  inspiration 
17102 — 05 8 


H4  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

and  the  mainspring  of  his  existence.  To  the  large 
family  of  bright  and  interesting  children  his  intense 
nature  manifested  itself  in  devotion  only  second  to  that 
bestowed  upon  his  wife. 

In  all  the  messages  upon  which  the  world  has  been 
permitted  to  glance  that  went  out  from  the  pen  of  Mr. 
INGALLS  to  the  waiting  family  on  the  banks  of  the 
Missouri  this  spirit  of  tenderest  devotion  is  manifest. 

In  a  letter  to  his  sister  after  the  death  of  his  young 
daughter,  Ruth,  Mr.  IXGALLS  said: 

IMy  bereavement  seems  to  me  like  a  cruel  dream  from  which  I  shall 
soon  awaken.  The  light  has  gone  out  of  my  life.  Ruth  was  my 
favorite  child.  Her  temperament  was  tranquil  and  consoling ;  she 
gratified  my  love  of  the  beautiful,  my  desire  for  repose.  I  loved  her 
most  because  she  was  so  much  like  her  dear  mother.  *  *  I  am 

assured  we  shall  meet  again. 

Iii  another  letter  he  says: 

I  would  love  to  gather  you  all  around  the  library  fire  this  bitter 
night  and  talk  over  the  affairs  of  the  day. 

To  his  daughter  Constance,  absent  from  home  at 
school,  he  wrote: 

Write  to  me  if  there  is  anything  you  want.  I  should  be  your  friend 
even  if  you  were  not  my  child. 

In  a  letter  after  the  death  of  Senator  Sumner  he  said  : 

How  full  of  mournful  tragedies,  of  incompleteness,  of  fragmentary 
ambitions  and  successes  this  existence  is !  And  yet  how  sweet  and  dear  it 
is  made  by  love !  That  alone  never  fails  to  satisfy  and  fill  the  soul. 
Wealth  satiates,  and  ambition  ceases  to  allure  ;  we  weary  of  eating  and 
drinking,  of  going  up  and  down  the  earth  looking  at  its  mountains  and 
seas,  at  the  sky  that  arches  it,  at  the  moon  and  stars  that  shine  upon  it, 
but  never  of  the  soul  that  we  love  and  that  loves  us,  of  the  face  that 
watches  for  us  and  grows  bright  when  we  come. 

The  life  record  of  this  illustrious  man  was  closed  in 
August,  1900.  The  devoted  wife  of  his  early  manhood 


John  James  lugalls.  115 

and  mature  years  sustained  him  to  the  end,  walking  with 
him  to  the  very  gate  of  the  eternal  city.  As  the  light 
went  out  this  beloved  companion  could  have  said  with 
Longfellow : 

Good  night,  good  night,  as  we  so  oft  have  said 
Beneath  this  roof  at  midnight,  in  the  days 
That  are  no  more  and  shall  no  more  return. 
Thou  hast  but  taken  the  lamp  and  gone  to  bed; 
I  stay  a  little  longer,  as  one  stays 
To  cover  up  the  embers  that  still  burn. 

But  I  must  not  trespass  longer  upon  the  time  of  this 
House. 

Mr.  Speaker,  permit  me  to  say  in  conclusion  that  JOHN 
JAMES  IXGALLS,  living,  was  honored  and  loved  by  the 
people  of  Kansas,  and,  dying,  his  memory  is  cherished  in 
their  hearts  with  affectionate  regard,  and  as  an  emblem 
of  this  regard  they  have  placed  this  statue  in  our  nation's 
Capitol  and  •  ask  Congress  to  accept  the  same.  [Loud  ap 
plause.] 


u6  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 


Address  of  Mr.  Calderhead,  of  Kansas 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  I  regret  that  the  duties  of  the  last  two 
weeks  have  prevented  me  from  preparing  what  perhaps 
should  have  been  prepared  for  this  occasion;  and  yet  I 
hope  I  may  be  able  in  a  few  minutes  to  bear  a  little  testi 
mony  from  the  State  in  which  Mr.  INGALLS  lived,  the 
State  which  loved  him  and  which  he  loved.  After  listen 
ing  to  the  eloquent  discourses  of  some  of  the  Senators  in 
the  other  Chamber  this  afternoon  and  to  the  eloquent 
tributes  that  have  been  paid  to  his  character  and  his 
memory  by  my  colleagues  here,  I  doubt  whether  anything 
that  I  could  say  would  add  to  the  value  of  these  services. 

I  have  no  disposition  to  spend  any  time  philosophizing 
about  the  nature  of  life  or  the  hope  of  immortality  or  the 
probability  of  the  life  beyond.  To  me  these  things  have 
been  certain  so  long  that  it  hardly  seems  necessary  that 
they  should  be  discussed.  The  step  from  this  footstool 
before  His  throne  only  enters  into  that  larger  life  of  which 
in  some  way  or  other  we  are  alwyays  conscious,  and  no 
testimony  that  has  been  given  to  us,  except  the  testimony 
of  Him  "  who  spake  as  never  man  spake,"  can  add  more 
to  our  knowledge  of  what  He  has  intended  for  us  there. 

I  find  that  whoever  here  speaks  to  me  of  INGALLS 
expects  that  I  should  have  known  him  personally,  inti 
mately,  and  well.  I  came  to  Kansas  about  ten  years  after 
he  did.  The  great  conflict  of  the  civil  war  was  closed, 


John  James  Inga/ls.  117 

and  the  Commonwealth  was  a  Commonwealth  of  peace, 
industry,  and  happiness  when  I  came.  Within  four  or 
five  years  after  that  time  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate,  and 
I  only  met  him  at  intervals  of  four  or  five  years  after  that, 
until  after  his  service  in  the  Senate  had  expired.  I  have 
lived  thirty-five  years  in  the  State,  and  I  doubt  whether 
I  have  had  more  than  an  hour's  conversation  with  Mr. 
INGALLS  in  all  the  years  that  we  were  in  the  same  State, 
we  met  so  seldom.  And  yet  no  one  of  us  could  be  ignorant 
of  the  man  or  of  his  work. 

Without  attempting  to  trespass  upon  your  patience  by 
repeating  some  of  the  things  that  have  been  recited  from 
his  personal  history,  I  will  ask  you  to  bear  in  mind  that  he 
came  to  Kansas  in  1858,  while  Kansas  Territory  was  still 
the  arena  of  the  greatest  moral  conflict  that  the  world  has 
seen  in  our  civilization.  Ideas  were  glowing  with  heat  in 
all  the  affairs  of  men.  The  highest  thoughts  were  con 
tending.  Passions  of  men,  interests  of  partisan  politics, 
fanaticism  were  in  conflict  with  each  other  and  in  conflict 
with  patriotism. 

Many  of  the  men  are  yet  living  who  were  engaged 
in  it  then.  For  50  miles  inward  from  the  Missouri 
border  nearly  every  landscape  had  somewhere  on  it  a 
stain  of  blood  of  the  conflict  between  men  in  the  battle 
for  freedom,  as  well  as  for  liberty.  When  he  came  the 
men  were  still  living  who  had  been  engaged  in  that 
kind  of  a  conflict,  and  the  question  of  whether  Kansas 
should  be  free  or  slave,  the  question  of  whether  the 
nation  should  fight  out  its  battle  with  itself  and  live, 
was  yet  not  settled.  Statesmen  and  orators  were  debating 


n8  Acceptance  of  Statiie  of 

about  the  question  of  how  human  slaver}-  could  be 
extinguished  in  our  country,  under  our  form  of  govern 
ment,  and  the  Constitution  be  preserved.  Great  men 
argued  the  moral  wrong  of  slaver}-,  and  presented  it  as 
if,  in  some  way  or  other,  the  tremendous  wrong  of  it 
ought  to  override  the  authority  of  law  and  destroy  it. 
I  will  not  attempt  now  to  recount  the  steps  by  which 
the  final  conflict  came  —  by  which  the  final  clash  came. 
He  was  there  —  he  was  present  when  it  began  ;  he  lived 
through  it.  He  was  contemporaneous  with  men  of  strong 
character  and  of  great  action.  After  it  was  all  over  and 
after  the  Commonwealth  had  been  planted  firmly  on  a 
foundation  of  peace  and  prosperity,  he  was  chosen  Senator 
from  among  a  coterie  of  the  strongest  men,  I  think, 
who  ever  have  opened  a  new  Territory  and  builded  a 
new  State  in  this  nation.  Many  elements  in  his  character 
were  unknown  then,  and  some  of  them,  perhaps,  are  not 
known  yet.  We  lived  so  near  him  and  so  much  in  his 
presence  we  can  hardly  realize  what  elements  went  to 
make  up  what  he  really  was.  But  now,  looking  at  his 
life  as  he  lived  it,  reading  his  words  as  he  gave  them  to 
us,  gathering  some  glimpses  of  the  sphere  in  which  he 
lived,  it  seems  to  me  as  if  he  had  lived  aloft  in  a  higher 
sphere  and  from  time  to  time  descended  to  the  ordinary 
walks  and  occupations  of  life ;  so  that  when  he  was 
engaged  in  the  political  conflicts  that  resulted  in  his 
election  as  Senator  he  came  down  from  a  higher  plane  —  a 
higher  field  of  thought  and  contemplation  —  and  with 
him  he  brought  a  range  of  vision  and  of  thought  that 
does  not  appear  to  us.  The  whole  field  of  ancient  history, 


John  James  Ingalls,  119 

the  story  of  the  civilizations  of  the  earth,  the  panorama 
of  the  nations,  and  the  story  of  our  race,  appear  to  have 
been  familiar  to  him  and  constantly  with  him.  He 
seemed  to  have  had  them  in  contemplation  every  time 
he  thought  or  spoke  of  the  purpose  and  life  of  this 
nation. 

He  was  a  Puritan,  and  his  fathers  for  three  centuries  had 
lived  as  Puritans  upon  the  soil  where  he  was  born.  He 
had  their  faith,  their  hopes,  their  convictions,  their  mental 
habits  as  well  as  their  moral  purposes.  He  could  not  see 
liberty  except,  through  the  vision  which  that  faith  gave 
him.  He  saw  the  purpose  and  the  liberties  and  institutions 
of  the  nation  as  a  Puritan.  Somewhere  in  one  of  his 
essays,  in  this  beautiful  memorial  volume  which  his  wife 
has  collected  and  dedicated  to  the  people  of  the  State  that 
he  loved,  is  a  paragraph  which  I  think  I  will  read  in  order 
that  you  may  see  what  seemed  to  be  always  present  in  his 
mind  when  he  contemplated  his  work  and  his  country. 

In  one  of  his  speeches  he  said  : 

Mr.  President,  the  race  to  which  we  belong  is  the  most  arrogant  and 
rapacious,  the  most  exclusive  and  indomitable,  in  history.  It  is  the  con 
quering  and  unconquerable  race,  through  which  alone  man  has  taken 
possession  of  the  physical  and  moral  world.  To  our  race  humanity  is 
indebted  for  religion,  for  literature,  for  civilization.  It  has  a  genius  for 
conquest,  for  politics,  for  jurisprudence,  and  for  administration.  The 
home  and  the  family  are  its  contributions  to  society.  Individualism,  fra 
ternity,  liberty,  and  equality  have  been  its  contributions  to  the  state.  All 
other  races  have  been  its  enemies  or  its  victims. 

This,  sir,  is  not  the  time,  nor  is  this  the  occasion,  to  consider  the  pro 
foundly  interesting  question  of  the  unity  of  races.  It  is  sufficient  to  say 
that  either  by  instinct  or  design  the  Caucasian  race  at  every  step  of  its 
progress  from  barbarism  to  enlightenment  has  refused  to  mingle  its  blood 
or  assimilate  with  the  two  other  great  human  families,  the  Mongolian  and 
the  African,  and  has  persistently  rejected  adulteration.  It  has  found 
the  fullest  and  most  complete  realization  of  its  fundamental  ideas  of 


1 20  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

government  and  society  upon  this  continent,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  upon  this  arena  its  future  and  most  magnificent  triumphs  are  to  be 
accomplished. 

The  exiles  of  Plymouth  and  of  Jamestown  brought  hither  political  and 
social  ideas  which  have  developed  with  inconceivable  energy  and  power. 
They  ventured  upon  a  hitherto  untried  experiment,  a  daring  innovation, 
a  paradox  in  government. 

They  who  rule  are  those  who  are  to  be  governed.  The  rulers  frame  the 
law  to  which  they  themselves  must  submit.  The  kings  are  the  subjects, 
and  those  who  are  free  voluntarily  surrender  a  portion  of  their  freedom 
that  their  own  liberties  may  be  more  secure.  The  ablest  soothsayer  could 
not  have  foretold  the  wonderful  development  of  the  first  century  of 
American  nationality,  the  increase  in  population,  the  expanse  of  boun 
dary,  the  aggrandizement  of  resources.  The  frontier  has  been  abolished; 
the  climate  has  been  conquered;  the  desert  subdued.  For  these  con 
ditions,  which  could  not  have  been  predicted,  for  which  there  were 
neither  maxims,  nor  formulas,  nor  precedents,  the  genius  of  the  Caucasian 
race  has  furnished  an  equivalent  in  the  Constitution  under  which  we  live, 
an  organic  law  flexible  enough  to  permit  indefinite  and  unlimited  expan 
sion  and  at  the  same  time  rigid  enough  hitherto  to  protect  the  rights  of 
the  weakest  and  the  humblest  from  invasion. 

From  its  latent  resources  have  been  evoked  vast  and  unsuspected  powers 
that  have  become  the  charters  of  liberty  to  the  victims  of  its  misconstruc 
tion;  beneath  its  beneficent  covenants  every  faith  has  found  a  shelter, 
every  creed  a  sanctuary,  and  every  wrong  redress.  It  has  reconciled 
interests  that  were  apparently  in  irrepressible  conflict.  It  has  resisted  the 
rancour  of  party  spirit,  the  vehemence  of  faction,  the  perils  of  foreign 
immigration,  the  collision  of  civil  war,  the  jealous  menace  of  foreign  and 
hostile  nations.  It  has  realized  up  to  this  time  the  splendid  dream  of  the 
great  English  apostle  of  modern  liberty,  who  said  in  the  midst  of  the 
struggle  for  the  dismemberment  of  the  American  Union : 

' '  I  have  another  and  a  broader  vision  before  my  gaze.  It  may  be  a 
vision,  but  I  cherish  it.  I  see  one  vast  confederation  reaching  from  the 
frozen  north  in  unbroken  line  to  the  glowing  south,  and  from  the  wild 
billows  of  the  Atlantic  to  the  calmer  waters  of  the  Pacific  main;  and  I 
see  one  people  and  one  language  and  one  law  and  one  faith,  and  all  over 
that  wide  continent  a  home  of  freedom  and  a  refuge  for  the  oppressed  of 
every  race  and  every  clime." 

It  was  this  great  ideal  of  the  liberties  and  future  of  our 
nation  which  he  seemed  to  have  constantly  before  him. 
He  spoke  of  it,  he  thought  of  it,  he  wrote  of  it,  and 
scarcely  any  public  address  of  his  can  be  found  that  in 


John  James  Ingalls.  121 

some  way  does  not  incite  our  admiration  of  his  ideal  of 
it.  It  would  be  useless  for  me  now  to  attempt  to  eulo 
gize  such  a  master  of  the  English  language.  He  played 
in  the  intellectual  arena  as  a  skillful  swordsman  with  a 
rapier,  and  whoever  came  into  contact  with  him  most 
feared  him.  I  think  there  was  in  his  sensitive  soul  the 
fear  of  a  larger  conflict.  I  doubt  whether  he  ever  for  a 
moment  felt  any  fear  of  a  man  as  a  man.  I  do  not  think 
he  ever  felt  any  fear  of  debate  or  of  the  intellectual  com 
bat  with  another  man.  Yet  I  think  he  always  shrank 
from  the  criticism  of  an  adverse  popular  opinion.  He 
sometimes  said  that  popular  opinion  was  the  real  sover 
eign  of  this  nation  and  must  always  be  so  in  a  govern 
ment  like  ours,  that  the  "popular  opinion"  made  and 
unmade  administrations,  parties,  and  men,  and  I  think  he 
shrank  from  the  battle  of  it. 

If  he  feared  anything  it  was  the  impersonal  mass,  the 
ruthless  tyranny,  the  rash,  impetuous  action  of  a  mis 
guided,  unthinking  multitude  that  might  mean  the 
destruction  of  the  beautiful  ideal  nation.  He  could  see 
the  calamity  which  could  come  in  this  way,  and  he  felt 
the  terror  of  it  and  felt  the  helplessness  of  one  individ 
ual  in  any  contest  with  it.  Vet  he  had  in  him  the  ele 
ments  that  would  have  made  him  a  martyr  to  a  principle 
of  faith.  He  would  have  died  for  the  thing  that  he 
believed  as  freely  and  as  bravely  as  any  martyr  ever 
went  to  the  stake  for  a  faith. 

There  are  enough  incidents  in  his  life  to  bear  testi 
mony  to  this. 


122  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

I  do  not  think  he  had  selected  himself  for  fame.  It 
is  easy  to  say  of  a  man  with  such  an  illustrious  career 
that  he  had  an  ambition,  and  it  is  easy  to  say  of  him 
that  he  sought  the  Senate  to  gratify  his  ambition.  I  do 
not  think  it  could  quite  be  said  of  him.  I  know  he  did 
not  seek  the  place  that  we  are  now  giving  him,  and  did 
not  dream  that  it  was  his.  He  sought  to  serve  Kansas; 
he  sought  to  serve  a  nation  as  one  of  the  race  that  had 
made  it.  He  did  not  seek  honor  for  honor's  sake.  He 
sought  service,  and  honor  came.  I  said  that  I  know  that 
he  did  not  seek  the  place  which  we  are  now  giving 
him.  Speaking  of  another  he  said  this : 

The  old  Hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  Capitol  at  Washing 
ton,  which  is  consecrated  by  the  genius,  the  wisdom,  and  the  patriotism 
of  the  statesmen  of  the  first  century  of  American  history,  has  been  desig 
nated  by  Congress  as  a  national  gallery  of  statuary,  to  which  each  State  is 
invited  to  contribute  two  bronze  or  marble  statues  of  her  citizens,  illus 
trious  for  their  historic  renown,  or  from  distinguished  civic  and  military 
services. 

It  will  be  long  before  this  silent  congregation  is  complete.  With  tardy 
footsteps  they  slowly  ascend  their  pedestals;  voiceless  orators,  whose  stony 
eloquence  will  salute  and  inspire  the  generations  of  freemen  to  come; 
bronze  warriors,  whose  unsheathed  swords  seem  yet  to  direct  the  onset, 
and  whose  command  will  pass  from  century  to  century,  inspiring  an 
unbroken  line  of  heroes  to  guard  with  ceaseless  care  the  heritage  their 
valor  won. 

Kansas  is  yet  in  her  youth.  She  has  no  associations  that  are  venerable 
by  age.  All  her  dead  have  been  the  contemporaries  of  those  who  yet  live. 
The  verdict  of  posterity  can  only  be  anticipated.  But,  like  all  communi 
ties,  we  have  had  our  heroic  era,  and  it  has  closed. 

Then  he  proceeded  to  suggest  another  name  for  this 
place.  But  we  have  selected  him. 

At  various  times  in  our  State  we  have  discussed  the 
question  of  which  one  of  the  men  who  built  the  Common 
wealth  of  Kansas  should  be  selected  for  this  place.  But 


John  James  Ingalls.  123 

the  warm  generous  heart  of  Hon.  Bailey  Peyton  Waggener, 
a  friend  and  neighbor  in  his  home  city  though  of  the 
opposite  political  faith,  selected  and  named  INGALLS  as 
the  voice  which  most  represented  Kansas. 

When  Mr.  Waggener,  who  is  an  able  and  eminent 
lawyer,  as  a  member  of  the  Kansas  legislature  proposed 
the  resolution  providing  for  this  statue,  it  was  passed  by 
the  unanimous  vote  of  both  houses.  It  was  the  tribute 
of  a  noble  nature  to  a  friend.  It  came  from  one  who  also 
loved  Kansas,  and  the  State  responded  as  to  the  warm 
hand  clasp  of  a  friend.  And  now  to  this  hall  of  fame  we 
give  this  statue. 

Kansas  is  the  child  of  Plymouth  Rock.  It  is  sometimes 
said  she  is  the  daughter  of  Massachusetts,  and  it  is  this 
son  of  Massachusetts,  coming  in  a  direct  line  from  the 
land  at  Plymouth  Rock,  whom  we  bring  back  and  put  in 
Statuary  Hall  to  stand  speaking  the  voice  of  liberty  to 
liberty's  children  as  the  centuries  come  and  go.  [Applause.] 


124  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 


Address  of  Mr.  Murdock,  of  Kansas 

Mr.  SPEAKER:  At  a  reception  in  the  White  House,  not 
long  ago,  the  slowly  moving  line  of  guests  conjectured 
upon  the  identity  of  a  certain  bust,  the  name  graven  upon 
which  was  obscure.  None  guessed  aright,  as  was  proved 
when  some  one,  leaving  the  line  and  reading  the  inscrip 
tion  on  the  marble,  introduced  through  the  haze  of  half  a 
century  to  the  questioning  company  the  thirteenth  Presi 
dent  of  the  United  States — Millard  Fillmore. 

Remembering  the  incident,  while  I  stood  before  the 
image  there  the  other  day,  the  fancy  came  to  me  that  long 
hence,  when  the  golden  centuries  shall  lie  rich  upon  the 
hoary  nation's  history,  when  a  score  of  wars  shall  have 
added  a  thousand  statues  here,  a  thousand  debates  a  score, 
when  the  sculptor  shall  have  survived  the  sculptured,  and 
Art,  preserving  what  History  can  not  save,  shall  have 
survived  both,  that  then  some  one  may  still  remember 
INGALLS — INGALLS,  of  Kansas;  INGALLS,  the  incautious, 
the  daring,  the  unique — remember  him  as  one  who  pre 
served  his  own  personality,  persisted  in  his  own  point  of 
view,  gave  audience  to  impulse,  voice  to  impression;  as 
one  who  upon  occasion  loved  a  whim  as  dearly  as  a  con 
viction,  and  both  in  the  gravity  of  a  small  crisis  and  the 
abandon  of  a  cataclysm  remained  the  same  INGALLS,  sur 
rendering  no  shade  of  native  resolution  upon  the  demand 
of  any  man  or  men  or  situation  whatsoever. 


John  James  Ingalls.  125 

For  the  INGALLS  who,  at  graduation,  wasped  the  owlish 
professors  in  youth  was  the  stinging  INGALLS  of  the  Senate 
in  maturity,  as  the  INGALLS  of  30  with  a  soul  responding 
to  the  ministry  of  the  Kansas  landscape  was  the  INGALLS 
of  the  Senate  reaching  for  the  Infinite  in  the  marvelous 
eulogies  he  there  pronounced,  was  the  dying  INGALLS  re 
peating  softly  the  Lord's  Prayer. 

For  the  INGALLS  of  youth,  the  INGALLS  of  eighteen 
years'  Senatorial  activity,  and  the  INGALLS  old  and  in 
defeat  are  the  same — INGALLS  always;  politically  impos 
sible  at  times,  perhaps,  but  colorless,  never. 

And  Kansas  gives  a  statue  notably  exceptional  herein : 
That  before  this  day  no  commonwealth  has  ever  given  to  a 
satirist  in  political  life  a  statue.  Literature,  too,  seldom 
so  rewards  them,  for  there  is  no  Cervantes  —  marble  or 
bronze — I  am  told,  in  all  Spain.  Dean  Swift's  memory, 
if  we  depended  upon  art  for  it,  would  rest  with  a  bust. 
Ancient  Athens,  I  have  read,  had  at  one  time  more 
statues  than  population,  with  not  a  satirist  among  them,  I 
dare  say. 

This  is  the  wonder  in  this  earnest  of  INGALLS'S  perma 
nent  renown.  He  remained  through  life  himself  creator 
and  sole  sponsor  of  the  chance  children  of  his  brain.  He 
resisted  analysis.  He  defied  the  political  yardstick.  No 
single  phrase  will  measure  him.  No  strictly  partisan  mind 
ever  comprehended  and  no  partisan  pen  ever  described 
him.  Long  activity  in  Washington  works  to  a  procrus- 
tean  average,  seeks  to  put  a  common  stature  upon  all  who 
grind  through  it.  It  never  cut  the  personality  of  JOHN  J. 
INGALLS  an  inch  or  stretched  it  a  barleycorn.  He  knew, 


126  Acceptance  of  Statue  of 

depend  upon  it,  the  fixed  and  rudimentary  method  of  per 
sonal  politics,  and  he  scorned  them.  He  understood  to  the 
last  syllable  the  game  of  those  who  ventured  all  by  conjur 
ing  with  a  single  great  advocacy ;  the  game,  too,  of  those 
who  ordered  their  careers  in  an  imponderable  and  impene 
trable  negation,  and,  with  cheer,  put  them  away  from  him ; 
knew  the  wavering  loyalty  that  follows  defense,  and  when 
he  pleased  defended ;  knew  also  that  attack  politically  is 
no  part  of  defense,  and  needing  defense,  forthwith,  light  of 
heart  and  to  the  consternation  of  his  political  adherents, 
attacked.  He  never,  so  far  as  I  know,  bought  an  advantage 
cheaply  writh  a  guarded  assertion  or  a  qualified  indorse 
ment;  never  hid  the  main  issue  in  the  emphasis  of  a 
nonessential.  No  consideration  of  safety  commanded  his 
silence.  All  patience  he  had  with  the  completely  serious 
and  discreet  of  the  political  world,  as  is  meet,  but  he  did 
not  always  withhold  a  glance  of  interest  at  the  daring  and 
defying  wrho  upon  occasion  put  drama  into  a  dun  world. 

And  the  sharpest  of  his  own  weapons  he  carried  lightly 
to  the  last — satire — the  weapon  which  even-  aspirant  in 
politics  discards  instinctively  in  the  primary  grade,  and 
which  no  man  ever  carried  in  politics,  save  to  disaster. 

For  INGALLS  in  his  day  breathed  an  atmosphere  heavy 
with  a  vigorous  commercialism — a  commercialism  which 
expected  that  all  should  forget,  in  the  radiance  of  its 
mighty  achievements,  that  it  was  granting  the  divine 
right  to  the  majority  stockholder  and  holding  inviolate 
the  sanctity  of  all  success,  a  commercialism  which  de 
manded  that  partisan  politics,  in  deference  due  to  high 
endeavor,  should  turn  deaf  and  blind  to  certain  attendant 


John  James  Ingalh.  127 

tendencies  in  an  epoch  that  would  have  asked  Peter  the 
Hermit  to  facilitate  the  crusade  by  an  issue  of  bonds; 
driven  the  masked  Junius  to  the  advertising  pages  to 
avoid  libel,  and,  if  encouraged  in  a  utilitarian  way,  would 
have  mourned  doubtless  the  waste  of  uncommercialized 
energy  in  the  beat  of  the  sparrow's  wings. 

Once  into  such  an  atmosphere  ING  ALLS  threw  a  glove. 
He  gave  a  famous  interview,  in  which  he  declared  that 
the  purification  of  politics  was  an  iridescent  dream.  He 
was  not  inculcating  a  doctrine  but  describing  a  condition. 
He  was  challenging,  not  violating,  the  ideals  of  .the 
Republic.  The  purification  of  politics  is  not  an  irides 
cent  dream.  The  march  has  been  a-way  from  the  open 
and  controlled  ballot  to  the  secret  and  uncontrolled  one, 
away  from  the  unguarded  primary  to  the  safeguarded 
one,  away  from  the  bad  and  to  the  good,  not  to  new 
ideals,  but  to  reawakened  devotion  to  old  ideals. 

It  is  noteworthy,  I  think,  that  a  satirist,  by  his  chal 
lenge,  helped  to  divert  the  march  away  from  bad  and  to 
the  good.  It  is  entirely  within  all  precedent,  I  think, 
that  he  should  haye  suffered  for  his  challenge;  but  it  is 
notably  exceptional,  I  declare,  Mr.  Speaker,  that  after 
such  splendid  hardihood  the  satirist  should  be  at  all — 
should  be  so  soon — rewarded.  [Loud  applause.] 

Mr.  CURTIS.  Mr.  Speaker,  I  ask  unanimous  consent 
to  take  from  the  Speaker's  table  the  resolutions  of  the 
Senate  in  regard  to  the  INGALLS  statue,  and  that  the 
same  be  placed  upon  their  final  passage. 

The  SPEAKER  pro  tempore  (Mr.  Reeder).  The  Clerk 
will  report  the  resolutions. 


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